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1 biphenols also were detected in fish samples from one site. INTRODUCTION The quality of irrigation drainage from agricultural land in the western United States has become an environmental concern. Physical abnormalities, reproductive failures, and mortality rates in fish and waterfowl at the Kesterson National Wildlife Refuge in the western San Joaquin Valley, California, were discovered in 1983 during studies conducted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and later associated with large concentrations of selenium released in drain water from irrigated land in the area (Gilliom, 1989). Additional potentially toxic trace elements and organochlorine compounds also have been detected in other areas in the western states that receive water from irrigation drainage (Sylvester and others, 1990). In 1985, the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) established the National Irrigation Water Quality Program to address water-quality problems related to irrigation drainage for which DOI may have responsibility. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), USFWS, Bureau of Reclamation (BOR), and the Bureau of Indian Affairs are the principal participants in the program. Twenty-six areas were identified as having the potential to affect fish and wildlife populations adversely and were scheduled for field screening investigations. Field screening investigations were designed to assess if target areas had been affected by trace element and/or accumulations of organochlorine compounds resulting from irrigation drainage from projects built or operated by agencies of the DOI. In 1994, the BOR North Platte Project area, in western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming, was identified for a field screening investigation. The North Piatte Project was initiated in 1903 by the U.S. Reclamation Service (later renamed the Bureau of Reclamation). The purpose of the project, centered near Scottsbluff, was primarily to store water for late-season irrigation supplies in eastern Wyoming and western Nebraska, and secondarily, to generate hydroelectricity. The project consists of 5 storage dams, 4 diversion dams, 333 miles of canals and 1,325 miles of distribution systems. The project irrigates about 335,000 acres in Wyoming and Nebraska, of which 224,000 acres are serviced by BOR canals (Bureau of Reclamation, undated). An intricate network of private and Federal canals and drains, dating back to the early 1900s, are located throughout the North Platte Project area (fig. 1). Two principal irrigation canals built by the BOR divert water from the North Platte River above Whalen Dam in Wyoming. The Interstate Canal runs about 95 miles along the northern edge of the project area and threads through Lake Alice and Lake Minatare north of the town of Scottsbluff. The Fort Laramie Canal is about 130 miles long and carries water along the southern boundary of the North Platte Project area. The Tristate Canal, constructed with private funds, diverts water from the North Platte River just downstream from the WyomingNebraska state line. The Tristate Canal runs about 80 miles along the north side of the river to the head gate of the Northport Canal, which extends another 31 miles. Purpose and Scope This report describes the results of a field screening study of the physical and chemical conditions of the North Platte Project area conducted jointly by the USFWS, BOR, and the USGS. Researchers investigated the occurrence of selected trace elements in surface water and of selected trace elements and organic compounds in bottom sediment and biological samples at site^ in the North Platte Project area. The physical and chemical data collected during this study and a discussion of the results of the analyses are presented in the report. Description of the Study Area The North Platte River flows from its origin in northern Colorado through southeastern Wyoming to west-central Nebraska, where it combines with the South Platte River to become the Platte River. The area of interest for this study, the North Platte Project area, is the part of the North Platte River Valley from Whalen, Wyoming, to Broadwater, Nebraska, about 90 miles southeast of Whalen (fig. 1). This part of the North Platte River lies in the High Plains Section of the Great Plains Province and generally consists Field Screening of Water Quality, Bottom Sediment, and Biota Associated with Irrigation Drainage in the North Platte Project Area, Nebraska and Wyoming, 1995

water-resources investigations report

Field screening of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the North Platte Project area, Nebraska and Wyoming, 1995