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Volatile organic compounds (VOC's) were detected in 104 of the 112 samples collected during April 1996April 1997 from seven streams that drain a variety of land-use settings in New Jersey. A total of 47 different VOC's were detected. The five most frequently detected VOC's were methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), in 78 percent of the samples; chloroform, 63 percent; trichloroethene (TCE), 51 percent; 1,1,1trichloroethane (TCA), 41 percent; and tetrachloroethene (PCE), 35 percent. Detection frequencies and median concentrations of MTBE, TCE, and PCE were highest at Bound Brook, whose drainage basin has the highest percentage of urban-industrial land use. Detection frequencies and median concentrations of chloroform were highest at the Passaic and Raritan River sites, the sites most affected by discharges from wastewatertreatment plants. The detection frequency and median concentration of TCA were highest at the Saddle River site, whose drainage basin contains primarily urbanresidential land. Detection frequencies and concentrations of MTBE, TCE. and PCE generally were higher in the cooler months (October-March) than in the warmer months (April-September). Median concentrations of MTBE and PCE were consistently higher, at all sites, during the cooler months. Median concentrations of TCE generally were higher in the "cooler months. This seasonal pattern may be attributable to the lower volatility and the greater partitioning of these compounds from air to water at cooler temperatures. Higher concentrations of MTBE also may result from increased amounts of MTBE added to gasoline during the winter months in the study area. Median concentrations of chloroform and TCA generally were higher in the warmer months. Concentrations of chloroform, TCA, and bromodichloromethane decreased significantly with flow at one or more sites, indicating that dilution is likely an important determinant of concentrations of these VOC's. Contrasting seasonal patterns may indicate different potential sources of VOC's in streams. Higher concentrations in cooler months, when flows are higher, indicate that nonpoint sources may be important in determining the presence and concentration of certain VOC's. Higher concentrations in warmer months, when flows are lower, indicate that point sources or ground-water contributions may be more important than surface runoff in determining the presence and concentration of other VOC's in streams. Although all VOC concentrations measured met existing water-quality criteria, these criteria have been established for only 26 of the 47 compounds detected. In addition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency criteria apply only to individual compounds, but most samples contained more than one VOC. The longterm cumulative and synergistic effects of low concentrations of multiple compounds on human and aquatic health are unknown and an area of active research. EXPLANATION | | Large drainage basin with mixed land use [ | Small drainage basin with a dominant land use Stream Boundary of Long Island-New Jersey coastal drainage NAWQA study unit Stream site, number, and name: 01382000 Passaic River at Two Bridges, N.J. 01390500 Saddle River at Ridgewood, N.J. 01395000 Neshanic River at Reaville, N.J. 01401000 Stony Brook at Princeton, N.J. 01403300 Raritan River at Queens Bridge at Bound Brook, N.J. 01403900 Bound Brook at Middlesex, N.J. 01410784 Great Egg Harbor River near Sickierville, N.J. ____20 MILES ^ 0 20 KILOMETERS Figure 1. Locations of sites on seven streams sampled for volatile organic compounds from April 1996 through April 1997. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey WRIR 98-4074 May 1998

Occurrence and seasonal variability of volatile organic compounds in seven New Jersey streams