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1.0 Introduction  1.1 Model Enhancements   2 1.2 Report Organization  3 1.3 Acknowledgments   3 2.0 Theory  2.1 Background Transient Storage Models  4 2.2 Governing Differential Equations  5 2.2.1 Processes Considered / Model Assumptions   5 2.2.2 Time-Variable Equations   6 2.2.3 Steady-State Equations  7 2.3 The Conceptual System  8 2.4 Numerical Solution Time-Variable Equations   8 2.4.1 Finite Differences  8 2.4.2 The Crank-Nicolson Method  10 2.4.3 Main Channel Solute Concentration  . 10 2.4.4 Storage Zone and Streambed Sediment Concentrations  12 2.4.5 Decoupling the Main Channel, Storage Zone, and Streambed Sediment Equations  2.5 Numerical Solution Steady-State Equations  14 2.6 Boundary Conditions   15 2.6.1 Upstream Boundary Condition  15 2.6.2 Downstream Boundary Condition  15 2.7 Parameter Estimation   16 3.0 User’s Guide   2 3.1 Applicability   20 3.2 Model Features  20 3.2.1 Simulation Modes: Time-Variable and Steady-State  20 3.2.2 Conservative and/or Nonconservative Solutes  21 3.2.3 Flow Regimes  21 3.2.4 Parameter Estimation using OTIS-P  22 3.3 Conceptual System, Revisited  22 3.4 Input/Output Structure   24 3.4.1 OTIS  24 3.4.2 OTIS-P  25 3.5 Input Format  26 3.5.1 Units  26 3.5.2 Internal Comments  27 3.5.3 The Control File  27 3.5.4 The Parameter File   29 3.5.5 The Flow File  35 3.5.6 The Data File (OTIS-P only)   40 3.5.7 The STARPAC Input File (OTIS-P only)  41 3.6 Model Execution  43 3.6.1 OTIS  44 3.6.2 OTIS-P  44 3.7 Output Analysis  45 3.7.1 The Solute and Sorption Output Files  45 3.7.2 The Post-Processor  46 3.7.3 Plotting Alternatives  47 4.0 Model Applications   48 4.1 Application 1: Conservative Transport (OTIS)   48

One-Dimensional Transport with Inflow and Storage (OTIS): A Solute Transport Model for Streams and Rivers