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The U.S. Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina, is located in southeastern Craven County in the Coastal Plain physiographic province. The Air Station is underlain by four freshwater-bearing aquifers the surficial, Yorktown, and upper and lower Castle Hayne. These aquifers are composed primarily of sand and sandy limestone to a depth of about 500 feet below land surface. The sediments are saturated with saline water below this depth. The upper and lower Castle Hayne aquifers serve as the principal supply of freshwater for the Air Station. The upper Castle Hayne aquifer is composed of sands and sandy shell beds of the Pungo River Formation and limestone of the River Bend Formation. The lower Castle Hayne aquifer is composed of limestones, sandy limestones, and sands of the Castle Hayne Limestone. The aquifers are separated by clay confining units except where these units are absent or discontinuous. Ground-water contamination has been found in the southern part of the Air Station where pumping from supply wells has created a potential for downward movement of contaminated ground water from the surficial and Yorktown aquifers into the Castle Hayne aquifer. The potential for movement of water from the surficial aquifer downward to the water-supply aquifer is greatest in areas where clay confining units are missing. Missing confining units could indicate the presence of paleochannels. If paleochannels filled with permeable material exist beneath the Air Station, these features could act as conduits for ground-water flow or movement of contaminants between the surficial and Castle Hayne aquifers. Continuous single-channel marine seismicreflection profiling was conducted to collect data for use in describing the structural and depositional setting of hydrogeologic units overlying the upper Castle Hayne aquifer. Soft, gassy, bottom sediment prevented collection of usable data in Slocum and Hancock Creeks on the west and east sides of the Air Station, respectively. Approximately 6.5 miles of seismic data were collected in the Neuse River north of the Air Station. A paleochannel structure nearly 1.2 miles wide and extending nearly 100 feet below sea level was found immediately north of the Air Station. This structure is thought to continue south beneath the Air Station. Shallow high-resolution land seismicreflection techniques were used at the Air Station to delineate structures and correlate stratigraphy between the limestone of the River Bend Formation (about 180 feet below land surface) and the Yorktown confining unit (about 35 feet below land surface). Three different methods were used to acoustically image and correlate the subsurface geology to existing geologic, hydrogeologic, and geophysical data. The first method employed a series of thirteen 240-foot long 24-fold commondepth-point lines to optimize acquisition parameters and equipment selection and to acquire essential information about the acoustic properties of the upper 250 feet of sediment, both inside and outside the projected trace of a paleochannel. 'U.S. Geological Survey 2Kansas Geological Survey

water-resources investigations report

Application of geophysical methods to the delineation of paleochannels and missing confining units above the Castle Hayne Aquifer at US Marine Corps Air Station, Cherry Point, North Carolina