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Winter snow accumulation and summer snow, firn, and ice ablation were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Wash., to determine the winter mass balance and net mass balance for the 1993 balance year. The 1993 winter mass balance, averaged over the glacier, was 1.98 meters, and the net mass balance was -1.23 meters. This negative balance continued a trend of negative balance years beginning in 1977. Air temperature, barometric pressure, and runoff from this glacier basin and an adjacent non-glacierized basin also were continuously measured Surface ice velocity was measured over a 1-year period. This report makes all these data available to users throughout the glaciological and climatological community. INTRODUCTION South Cascade Glacier is a small valley glacier near the crest of the North Cascade Range, Washington State (fig. 1). Numerous variables relating to the glacier regime have been measured on and near South Cascade Glacier since the late 1950's. The long-term goal of this project is to understand the climate-glacier relation. A short-term goal is to document the measurements with sufficient precision so that an internally consistent record of conditions on and around the glacier can be assembled despite personnel changes, discontinuous records, and changing methods of data collection and analysis. Some periods of record at South Cascade Glacier have been documented. Work from 1957-64 is described by Meier and Tangborn (1965), work from 1965-67 is described by Meier and others (1971) and by Tangborn and others (1977). Mass balance results for 1958-85 are summarized by Krimmel (1989), and are presented in detail for 1992 (Krimmel, 1993). The purpose of this report is to document the measurements of the 1993 balance year that are relevant to the relation between South Cascade Glacier and climate. These measurements include those of basin runoff, precipitation, air temperature, snow thickness, density and distribution, ice ablation, surface altitude, and velocity. Description and Climate of the Area South Cascade Glacier is located at the head of the South Fork of the Cascade River, a tributary to the Skagit River, which flows into Puget Sound about 100 km to the west. The region is dominated by steep terrain, with relief of more than 1,000 m. Areas within the basin not covered by glacier ice or water are underlain by bedrock. The bedrock is mantled either by a thin layer of soil and, in places, by scrub conifer, heather, or other vegetation typical of the high North Cascade Range, or is covered by glacial moraine or outwash material. NORTH r--^ > " . ----..----. "~"W:| \ '' (:.-'.'. -GLACIS a I \ i^5i||" Sp-c-n.-! l> *"' Tocotrva ' ' j ^ WASHINGTON1 ^ "~'\ _._ _._.J (._ _._ _.--'-~

Runoff, precipitation, mass balance, and ice velocity measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, 1993 balance year