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Upper Klamath Lake, and the connecting Agency Lake, is a large (140 squar mile) lake in south-central Oregon. The lake has a recent history of long-duration, near-monoculture, blue-green algal blooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae . Typically, the algal bloom causes nuisance and detrimental conditions, including a deep-gre "pea soup" appearance, from mid-May to late October. Accompanying the blooms foul odors, extremely high pH, widely varied dissolved-oxygen concentrations of supersaturation or near depletion, occasional but extensive fish kills, and elevated els of toxic ammonia. In 1988, the Lost River sucker ( Deltistes luxatus ) and shortnose sucker (Chasmistes brevirostris), long-term inhabitants of Upper Klamath Lake, were placed on the Federal endangered-species list. The endangering of the sucker spec recent years is hypothesized to be caused by degraded lake-water-quality conditio Upper Klamath Lake has been eutrophic since it was first discovered. Howev increases in algal abundance and changes in algal type over relatively recent yea evident, and can be correlated with agricultural development of the basin. The m common cause for an increased abundance of algae in lakes is increased enrichm nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. Ten possible causes for this excessive enrichment in nutrients are described Three of these hypotheses are suggested for immediate testing because of largechanges in nutrient loading that may have occurred as a result of man’s activities. These three hypotheses relate nutrient enrichment to (1) conversion of marshland agricultural land, (2) agricultural drainage from the basin, and (3) reservoir regulati Eleven possible hypothetical causes for the decline in sucker populations also are described. The decline in sucker population may be related to excessive nutrient enrichment (eutrophication) of the lake.

A review of possible causes of nutrient enrichment and decline of endangered sucker populations in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon