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1 Kansas (fig. 1). The study area is on the eastern margin of the Arkansas River Lowlands physiographic area; the Flint Hills Upland physiographic area is just to the east (Schoewe, 1949) (fig. 2). The Arkansas River Lowlands typically has low topographic relief and is underlain by stream-laid or wind-laid unconsolidated deposits of silt, clay, sand, and gravel. The topography of the landfill area is gently rolling with surface drainage generally to the south (fig. 3). Mud Creek, an intermittent stream flowing south along the west side of the 102 ^NEBRASKAjf 97 .1 Lf 20 40 I I I I 0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS 60 MILES I 0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS Figure 1. Location of Harvey County Landfill, south-central Kansas. 2 HYDROGEOLOGY AND GROUND-WATER-QUALITY CONDITIONS AT THE HARVEY COUNTY LANDFILL, 1990 GREAT PLAINS 98° 97" CENTRAL LOWLAND 98° i * ""i r "? r "~\ T P*s i IEWEU S mnjsi.tr I WASHncfoN MARSHALL | NEMAHA | BROWN ""> ^~i X I I ^\ I DISSECTED TILL JDONPHAN, I PLAINS j__J__ r __] [ATCHBON ^7 Li _ i i [SHE"«M^ TTHOMAS p^ J ; < [ A._ I_ I .WALLACE TToCAN |COVE | T,ECC -4j HAMILTON KEAUNY FINNEY r-»~~ I I ey County Flint HiUs I STAFFORD j ._, i i-andfji(| Upland -, ARKANSAS F' GREAT PLAINS CENTRAL LOWLAND Modified from Schoewe C1949] 0 20 40 60 MILES 0 20 40 60 KILOMETERS Figure 2. Physiographic areas of Kansas. landfill, flows into Sand Creek, which flows into the Little Arkansas River near the southern border of Harvey County (fig. 3). Mean annual precipitation during 1951-80 was about 31 inches (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1987), as measured at a climatological station about 2 miles northeast of the landfill (fig. 3). Mean annual temperature at that station is about 56 °F. Most water used in Harvey County is obtained from ground-water sources (Kenny, 1991). The western two-thirds of the county is underlain by the Equus beds aquifer, a productive source of ground water (Williams and Lohman, 1949; Stramel, 1956). The landfill is at the eastern edge of this aquifer. Farther east, on the Flint Hills Upland, sedimentary rocks of Permian age (mainly shale and limestone) are at or near land surface and yield only small ground-water supplies (Williams and Lohman, 1949). Land use in Harvey County, based on information compiled by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, is approximately 85-percent agricultural. About 80 percent of the agricultural land is cropland, and the remainder is rangeland and pasture (U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, written commun., 1986). Landfill operations are active within an 80-acre tract (figs. 3 and 4), which is the western one-half of the southwest quarter of section 25, T. 23 S., R. 1 W. Harvey County also owns a 27.6-acre strip of land adjacent to the west, in section 26, and 80 acres diagonally to the southeast, which is in the eastern one-half of the northwest quarter of section 36 (fig. 3). Most land adjacent to the landfill is privately owned cropland or pasture (fig. 4). A pump station for a natural-gas pipeline is just south of the landfill (fig. 4). The urbanized area of the city of Newton (northeast of the landfill) extends to within 1 mile of the landfill (fig. 3). This area includes light industries, a railroad yard, residential areas, and sewage-disposal ponds. The main industries manufacture and distribute glass or wood products for mobile homes, farm machinery, recreational vehicles, and furniture.

Hydrogeology and ground-water-quality conditions at the Harvey County Landfill, south-central Kansas, 1990