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Techniques used to obtain hydrologic information at a surface coal mine in northwestern Colorado are described in this report. Drilling, completion, and development techniques for wells in bedrock and reclaimed spoils are described. Aquifer hydraulic properties and water quality were measured for confined bedrock aquifers and unconfined reclaimed spoil aquifers. To the extent possible, techniques for testing aquifer hydraulic properties and for obtaining water-quality samples were compared. Flowing-well tests, recovery tests, slug tests, and pressure slug tests were used in the confined bedrock aquifers. The flowing-well test was used for wells that flowed sufficiently to permit easy measurement of discharge. Recovery tests were used to check results of two flowing-well tests. The slug test was used for confined bedrock aquifers where the water level in the well was above land surface but below the top of the well casing. The pressure slug test was used for confined bedrock aquifers that did not produce enough discharge to be easily measured. Pumping tests were used for the unconfined reclaimed spoil aquifers. Well water was sampled using three techniques. Samples were collected when the first water flowed or was pumped from the well, when measurements of field water-quality properties were stable, and when three casing volumes of water were removed. Sampling after three casing volumes of water were removed from the well generally was the preferred technique.

Description of techniques to drill, complete, and develop wells and to test and sample aquifers at a surface coal mine in northwestern Colorado