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The trihalomethane formation potential of water from the Kentucky River was determined as a function of pH and initial freechlorine, dissolved organic carbon, and bromide concentrations for the period from July 1988 through March 1990. The formation potential ranged from 59.7 to 731 and averaged 240 micrograms per liter, compared with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standard of 100 micrograms per liter. The pH and the dissolved organic carbon were the most significant variables in determining the trihalomethane formation potential. An equation developed using multiple-linear regression analysis predicted the experimental trihalomethane formation potential with a standard error of estimate of 9.18 percent of the mean. The percentages by weight of the total trihalomethanes that were brominated ranged from 4.17 to 61.8 and averaged 20.6 percent. Formation of the brominated compounds was strongly dependent on the bromide concentration and the pH. An equation developed using multiple-linear regression analysis predicted the experimental brominated trihalomethane formation potential with a standard error of estimate of 12.5 percent of the mean. The dissolved organic carbon concentration of the sample waters could be predicted from the ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nanometers with a standard error of estimate of 8.84 percent of the mean. Combining this relation with the multiplelinear regression analysis equation for trihalomethane formation potential eliminated the need for the dissolved organic carbon concentration. The resultant equation predicted the experimental trihalomethane formation potential data with a standard error of estimate of 12.9 percent of the mean. The bromide concentration of the sample waters could be predicted qualitatively from the specific conductance with a standard error of estimate of 33.7 percent of the mean. Combining this equation and the dissolved organic carbon-ultraviolet absorbance equation with the multiple-linear regression analysis equation for trihalomethane formation potential eliminated the need for dissolved organic carbon and bromide concentrations. The resultant equation predicted the experimental brominated trihalomethane formation potential with a standard error of estimate of 33.8 percent of the mean. Therefore, this equation is limited to qualitative estimates only. The trihalomethane formation potential increased qualitatively as the water discharge increased. Conversely, the brominated trihalomethane formation potential decreased qualitatively as the water discharge increased, and previous flow conditions seemed to have some effect on the formation potential.

Trihalomethane formation potential of Kentucky River water