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In October 1989, the U.S. Geological Survey began a study of the ground water in the Puget-Willamette Lowland underlying part of western Washington and northwestern Oregon as part of its Regional AquiferSystem Analysis program. The Puget-Willamette Lowland is underlain by of two distinct, hydrologically separated aquifer systems, the Puget Sound Lowland aquifer system and the Willamette Valley aquifer system. The study area for the Puget Sound Lowland, which includes the Puget Sound drainage, encompasses about 16,200 square miles; about 5,700 square miles of this area is underlain by the aquifer system. The Willamette Valley study area includes all of the drainage area of the Willamette River, which is entirely in Oregon, and parts of adjacent drainages in Columbia County, Oregon, and Clark County, Washington. This study area encompasses about 11,200 square miles, of which about 4,100 square miles are underlain by the aquifer system. The Puget Sound Lowland aquifer system comprises Quaternary alluvial, glacial, and interglacial unconsolidated sediment, whereas the Willamette Valley aquifer system comprises Tertiary and Quaternary consolidated and unconsolidated alluvial material and basalt lava flows. Tertiary sedimentary, volcaniclastic, volcanic, and metamorphic rock units underlie and also crop out east and west of each of the aquifer systems and define their basal and lateral boundaries. Water problems in the Puget Sound Lowland generally are quantity problems. The surface-water supply is either fully appropriated or approaching that status and ground water is being viewed as the remaining source of water. The principal ground-water problems in the Willamette Valley includes inadequate well yields to meet demands of uses, ground-water level declines, and poor water quality. The specific objectives of the study are to: (1) describe the hydrogeologic framework, (2) describe the hydrogeologic characteristics, (3) describe the regional ground-water flow system within each area and major controls to it, (4) estimate the water budget for selected areas and regional water budget relations based on that information; and (5) provide analytical capabilities necessary to allow for a synthesis of available knowledge of the ground-water flow systems. This report describes the generalized hydrogeologic setting, previous investigations, water problems, objectives, and the scope and approach of the study to meet those objectives of the study. Work elements and time lines are summarized at the end of the report.

Plan of study for the Puget-Willamette Lowland regional aquifer system analysis, western Washington and western Oregon