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A reconnaissance investigation of irrigation drainage was conducted during 1988-89 at the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, southeastern Oregon. The study's objective was to determine if agricultural drainwater entering the Refuge was causing or had the potential to cause significant harmful effects to human health, fish and wildlife, or other beneficial water uses. Concentrations of arsenic, boron, mercury, and selenium in some Refuge lake water and (or) biological tissues were sufficiently elevated to exceed recommended guidelines or criteria for the protection of the health of either humans, fish or wildlife, or to affect adversely other identified beneficial uses. However, these elevated concentrations were not consistently found in all sample mediums and were, therefore, probably not causing substantial adverse affects. Small but detectable concentrations of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DOT) and metabolites, and endrin were found in lake bottom sediment. Most of the biota contained small or undetectable concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Although lake levels were considerably above normal in 1988, lake concentrations of several water-quality constituents were found to be much higher than those concentrations observed historically. Lake levels have continued to decline in 1989 and 1990, thus further increasing speculation that these same constituents have continued to increase in concentration. It is projected that as the lake levels approach near-normal conditions, arsenic concentrations in the water could range from 300 to 350 pg/L (microgram per liter), and boron concentrations could range from 15,000 to 20,000 Mg/L. These concentrations could result in conditions that would produce toxic effects in fish and wildlife at the Refuge. Current projections do not consider what conditions would result if below-normal lake levels are reached. The potential for these projected constituent concentrations to cause chronic and acute toxicity problems in the Refuge cannot be adequately assessed at this time. Although elevated concentrations of some constituents were found in some sample mediums, none were thought to be associated with agricultural drainwater. Therefore, it was concluded that agricultural runoff to the Refuge in 1988 was not causing significant harmful effects to human health or to fish and wildlife resources.

water-resources investigations report

Reconnaissance investigation of water quality, bottom sediment, and biota associated with irrigation drainage in the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge, Harney County, Oregon, 1988-89