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Future ground-water development in the New Mexico part of the Hueco Bolson may affect the quantity and quality of water resources. This study was conducted to estimate the effects of possible future development. A flow model was constructed from hydrologic data collected during 1905-83 to estimate these effects. Simulated hydraulic conductivity ranged from 1 to 40 feet per day, simulated specific yield ranged from 0.05 to 0.20, and simulated recharge was 4,500 acre-feet per year. By 1983, most ground-water flow was toward El Paso and maximum waterlevel declines were about 200 feet; declines at the New Mexico State line were as much as 25 feet. Water removed from storage during 1905-83 totaled approximately 3.2 million acre-feet, mostly from pumpage. Two scenarios were used to estimate the effects of ground-water withdrawals in the Hueco Bolson by 2030. In the first scenario, withdrawals remained constant after 1990. In the second scenario, withdrawals were projected using present trends. In both scenarios, 10,000 acre-feet of withdrawals were shifted to New Mexico to simulate development of new well fields. In scenario 1, water-level declines as much as 100 feet were projected at the New Mexico State line by 2030. The rate of withdrawal from storage in 2030 was more than 127,000 acre-feet per year, with a total of 9.6 million acre-feet of water withdrawn from storage. In scenario 2, water-level declines of 125 feet were projected in New Mexico near the State line by 2030. The rate of withdrawal from storage in 2030 was more than 255,000 acre-feet per year, with more than 12.8 million acre-feet of water withdrawn from storage. In the steady-state simulation, freshwater moved parallel to the freshwater/saline-water boundary as much as 0.20 foot per day. By 1983, withdrawals had altered flow direction and increased velocity near Newman, New Mexico. Maximum encroachment of saline water was approximately 1 mile. In scenario 1, saline-water encroachment near Newman would be about 1.5 miles from 1983 to 2030. In scenario 2, saline-water encroachment would be about 2 miles. A solute-transport model was used to evaluate the potential for vertical movement of saline water (upconing) in response to withdrawals. At assumed pumping rates, upconing will not seriously af-fect freshwater zones that are more than 1,000 feet thick. Dispersive processes will result in some mixing and water-quality degradation.

water-resources investigations report

Geohydrology and potential effects of development of freshwater resources in the northern part of the Hueco Bolson, Dona Ana and Otero Counties, New Mexico, and El Paso County, Texas