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At present, water shortages occur on the four main islands of Yap every year during the dry season, and especially during extended drought periods such as in 1983. Shortages occur primarily because of inadequate storage and substantial transmission loss. The Yap government intends to eliminate these shortages by establishing centralized water systems that will supply 24-hour per day service to the populated areas, and by improving village-scale water systems in the remote areas. The projected water demand by the population of the four main islands of Yap in the year 2000 is 507,000 gallons per day. This demand can be met by increasing the storage and surface area of established rainwater-catchment and spring-fed village-scale systems, and by increasing ground-water development in the volcanic formations found in the old airport area on Yap, on the southern Yap plateau, and on Gagil-Tamil island. Existing wells in the volcanic formations have yields of 25 to 50 gallons per minute. Proposed exploratory wells in these areas will better define sustainable yield, extent, and water-bearing characteristics of the principal aquifers. Wells completed in the aquifer at the old airport had a combined yield of 77 gallons per minute in 1986. The proposed exploratory wells in the old airport area could lead to increased development from this aquifer and reduce natural losses due to drainage to surrounding gulches and evaporation from pond surfaces. Exploratory wells sited along the southern Yap plateau, in the volcanic formation, will provide data that could facilitate better description of the geology and water-bearing characteristics of the aquifer. The proposed drill sites could tap a thicker, more productive, volcanic formation than was found during previous exploration. The new wells along the plateau could be able to supply the area population. The Gagil-Tamil aquifer is the most promising source, with a 1986 combined well yield of 200 gallons per minute. Water balance calculations and streamflow analyses in the Eyeb and Mukong Stream basins indicate that more than 0.5 million gallons per day are recharging the ground-water reservoir in both of these basins. The proposed exploratory wells in these basins and elsewhere in the area will develop some part of this water, and will better define the water-bearing characteristics of the volcanic formation and the coral limestone that lie beneath the volcanics in a small part of the Mukong Stream basin. The largest water demand is in the Colonia area, the state capital. This area is underlain by schist that is impermeable, as compared with the volcanic formation, and is not productive aquifer material. Wells drilled previously into this material had small yields, about 10 gallons per minute. The schist formation underlies most of the island of Yap and large parts of the other islands. Therefore, although it is not expected that exploratory wells drilled in this formation will produce more than about 10 gallons per minute, the hydrologic information gained from the exploration is transferable and valuable. The Colonia water demand can be mot by increasing development from the old airport and/or Gagil-Tamil aquifers. Indications are that although the ground-water supply is limited, there is enough to meet the present water demand and that projected for the year 2000.|

Ground-water resources reconnaissance of the Yap main islands, Federated States of Micronesia