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Aquifer tests were conducted on a leaky confined coal aquifer and the associated sandstone and shale overburden water-table aquifer in Preston County, West Virginia. The Preston County aquifer-test site is located on a relatively flat hilltop. The site is not undermined, there are no surface indications of faults or lineaments, and the water table is less than 10 feet below land surface. The site is underlain by a 4.5-foot-thick coal bed the Upper Freeport coal of the Pennsylvanian Allegheny Formation. The coal bed lies beneath about 57 feet of alternating beds of shale, sandstone, and coal of the Conemaugh Group of Pennsylvanian age. Five test wells were constructed at the site. Drilling at three of the test wells was interrupted at 10-foot intervals to run constant-head permeability tests in the overburden. The more permeable rock was within 33 feet of land surface. The horizontal hydraulic conductivities of the overburden aquifer ranged from 0.05 to 0.90 feet per day. Aquifer tests indicate that the 4.5-foot-thick coal aquifer is almost as transmissive as the 50-foot-thick overburden aquifer. The average direction of maximum transmissivity in the coal aquifer is about N. 75° W., which nearly parallels the direction of dominant face cleat orientation N. 65° W. The median maximum transmissivity in the coal aquifer was 91 fl2/d (feet squared per day) or about three times greater than the minimum transmissivity. The direction of maximum transmissivity in the overburden aquifer also trends to the northwest and nearly parallels that for the coal aquifer. The median maximum transmissivity in the overburden aquifer was 97 fl2/d and about seven times greater than the minimum transmissivity. The average storage coefficients for the coal and overburden aquifers were 9.4 X 10"3 and 1.1 X 10"2, respectively. The equipotential lines for both aquifers, when affected by the injection or withdrawal of water, was elliptical with the long axes trending to the northwest-southeast, indicating increased permeability in this direction.

Relation of fracture systems to transmissivity of coal and overburden aquifers in Preston County, West Virginia