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A pipeline was constructed by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation between June 1984 and June 1985, to convey process cooling water from an industrial complex near Pittman-Henderson, Nevada, to Las Vegas Wash. The pipeline replaced an open, unlined ditch and thereby reduced the amount of water seeping into the underlying alluvial-fan deposits, which are composed predominantly of sands and gravels. This report describes changes in ground-water levels and water quality in the vicinity of the unlined ditch following diversion of cooling water into the pipeline. Ground-water levels declined as much as 15 feet near the unlined ditch 2 years after the diversion of water into the pipeline. However, water levels in many other wells in the study area either rose or declined between 1985 and 1987 for a variety of reasons, which include the unusual precipitation events during July and August 1984, downcutting of the channel in Las Vegas Wash, and changing volumes and distribution of municipal and industrial wastewater discharge within and upgradient of the study area. Before use of the pipeline, ground-water quality near the upper end of the ditch reflected the general quality of water discharged into the ditch (dissolved solids, about 850 mg/L). However, dissolved-solids concentrations exceeded 15,000 milligrams per liter in four areas. These high concentrations are attributed to the effects of previous disposal of industrial wastewater into unlined ponds and ditches within and upgradient of the study area. Two areas of high dissolved-solids concentrations west of the unlined ditch and beneath an area of homes are characterized by high dissolved sodium and chloride concentrations. In contrast, calcium, sodium, and sulfate are generally the principal ions dissolved in ground water beneath the unlined ditch and in areas not affected by industrial wastewater. During a 2-year period following the diversion of cooling water into the pipeline, the chemical composition of water sampled from wells near the upper end of the unlined ditch did not change. Dissolved-solids concentrations, however, increased as much as 3,000 milligrams per liter in some wells near the ditch farther downgradient. Elsewhere, concentrations of dissolved solids decreased as much as 13,000 mg/L in water from one well, whereas concentrations increased as much as 7,000 mg/L in water from another. Both of these changes were observed in areas of highest concentrations and are largely unexplained. The changes, however, do not seem related to the diversion of cooling water into the pipeline.

Changes in water levels and water quality in shallow ground water, Pittman-Henderson Area, Clark County, Nevada, resulting from diversion of industrial cooling water from ditch to pipeline in 1985