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The Anclote River is on the central west coast of peninsular Florida and has a drainage area of 112 square miles and a tidally affected reach of about 13 miles. The variability and distribution of salinity in the Anclote River Estuary are important factors that influence the habitat available for estuarine flora and fauna. This report presents the results of a study made from January 1984 through May 1986 to determine salinity distribution in the river as a function of streamflow, tides, and related hydrologic conditions. Monthly mean stream/lows from January 1984 through May 1986 generally were lower than the corresponding long-term monthly averages, yet representative of flows that typically enter the estuary. Results of regression analysis inferred that pumpage from individual well fields in or near the basin and streamflow was not significantly related; however, the relation of total well-field pumpage and streamflow was significant at the 5-percent level. Tides at the mouth of the Anclote River Estuary are mixed, typically have a range of about 3 feet, and generally include low-low, high-low, low-high, and high-high tides daily. Findings indicate that stage at a point 13 miles upstream from the mouth is affected as much as 1 foot by the tide. A wide 3-mile reach of the lower river that is braided through saltmarshes apparently dampens the upstream tide and seems to modify the effects of streamflow on the salinity gradient within the reach. The upstream daily location of water having 0.44-, 5.0-, 10-, and 18-parts-per-thousand salinity was estimated by using multiple-regression techniques. Streamflow used in the analysis ranged from 2.3 to 204 cubic feet per second, and high tides ranged from 0.25 foot below to 2.76 feet above sea level. Vertical salinity profiles indicated partially to well-mixed conditions throughout the estuary during the observed range of streamflow. Results of the regression analyses indicate that streamflow has a significant effect on the location of the saltwater-freshwater interface (defined as 0.44-partper-thousand salinity) as well as the location of water having a salinity of 5.0-parts-per-thousand. The location of water having salinities greater than 5.0parts-per-thousand is affected increasingly by tide, with a corresponding decrease in effect by streamflow. The coefficients of determination and root mean square errors of the regressions ranged from 70.0 to 91.8 percent and from ±0.24 to ±0.74 mile, respectively. The computed long-term average location of the 0.44-partper-thousand salinity line, based on average annual streamflow and an average high-high tide, is within 0.1 mile of the vegetative demarcation between estuarine and riverine conditions.

Surface-water hydrology and salinity of the Anclote River estuary, Florida