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The Groveland-Collins area near Blackfoot, Idaho, has a history of either periodic or persistent localized groundwater contamination. Water users in the area report offensive smell, metallic taste, rust deposits, and bacteria in water supplies. During 1984 and 1985, data were collected to define regional and local geologic, hydrologic, and ground-water quality conditions and to identify factors that may have affected local ground-water quality. Well-construction, geologic, and water-level data were compiled for 163 wells in the Groveland-Collins and surrounding areas, and water samples from 54 sites were collected periodically and analyzed for chemical constituents. Regional geologic features consist of basalt of the Snake River Group overlain by variably thick deposits of sediment. The ground-water system is in basalt or sedimentary interbeds, but water perched or moving through unsaturated rock adjacent to the Snake River is an important component of area hydrology. Infiltration or leakage of irrigation water is the major source of ground-water recharge, and water levels may fluctuate 15 feet or more during the irrigation season. Ground-water movement is generally northwestward. Ground water contains predominantly calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate ions and characteristically has more than 200 mg/L (milligrams per liter) hardness. Ground water near the Groveland-Collins area may be contaminated from one or more sources, including infiltration of sewage effluent, gasoline or liquid fertilizer spillage, or land application of food-processing wastewater. Contamination from various sources may be sporadic or continuous and generally is limited in areal extent. Concentrations are highest immediately after ground thaw in many areas. Contamination is most frequent during spring and summer months and least frequent during winter months. Rising water levels during the irrigation season flush contaminants from previously unsaturated rock to wateryielding zones. Locally, well structure or construction may provide routes for movement of contaminants from land surface and unsaturated rock to the ground-water system. Subsurface basalt ridges impede lateral movement of water in localized areas. Ground water pools temporarily behind these ridges and anomalously high water levels result. Maximum concentrations or values of constituents that indicate contamination were 1,450 microsiemens per centimeter specific conductance, 630 mg/L bicarbonate (as HC0 3 ), 11 mg/L nitrite plus nitrate (as nitrogen), 7.3 mg/L ammonia (as nitrogen), 5.9 mg/L organic nitrogen, 4.4 mg/L dissolved organic carbon, 7,000 y g/L (micrograms per liter) dissolved iron, 5,100 yg/L dissolved manganese, and 320 yg/L dissolved zinc. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 8.9 mg/L in uncontaminated areas to 0 mg/L in areas where food-processing wastewater is applied to the land surface. Stable-isotope analyses may be useful in differentiating between contamination from potato-processing wastewater and whey in areas where both are applied to the land surface. Development of a ground-water model to evaluate effects of land application of organic wastewater and organic solute loading rates on subsurface water quality is not feasible at this time. INTRODUCTION Ground-water contamination 1 has been reported for wells within 2 to 6 mi of Groveland, Collins, and Wadsworth Island near Blackfoot, Idaho (fig. 1; hereafter referred to as the Groveland-Collins or study area), since the 1950's 1 For purposes of this report, ground water is defined as water in saturated rock (Heath, 1983, p. 4). Contaminants are defined as chemical components that are introduced into the hydrologic environment as a result of landor water-use activities and that may limit the water's suitability for use or may result in significant degradation of water quality.

Hydrogeology and water quality of areas with persistent ground-water contamination near Blackfoot, Bingham County, Idaho