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The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service, in accordance with Public Law 566, is implementing various types of water-land improvement practices in the Little Black River basin in southeastern Missouri. These practices are designed, in part, to decrease the suspended-sediment transport in the basin, decrease flood damage in the basin, and improve drainage in the agricultural area. The purpose of this report is to describe the surface-water hydrology in the basin before water-land improvement practices. The general features of the basin, such as geology, ground-water hydrology, soils, land use, water use, and precipitation are described; surface-water quantity, quality, and suspended-sediment discharge also are described. Dolomitic rock, sand, clay, and loess are the surficial materials in the basin; dolomitic rock forms the bedrock, and granitic rock forms the basal unit. The aquifers are the Mississippi River valley alluvial aquifer, which can yield about 3,500 gallons per minute to properly constructed wells, and the Ozark and St. Francois aquifers, which can yield from about 30 to about 500 gallons per minute to properly constructed wells. Soils in the area have formed in loess and cherty residuum in the uplands or have formed in alluvial sediment in the lowlands. Forestry and agriculture are the main land uses. About 93 percent of the estimated 3 billion gallons per year of water used in the basin is for crop irrigation. The average monthly precipitation varies slightly throughout the year, with an average annual precipitation of about 47 inches. Daily discharge data were collected at six stations. The smallest average monthly flows occurred from June to October. Estimates of low flows for the 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence intervals were made at the six stations. Estimates of flood magnitude and frequency were by made using statewide equations and were compared to the measured peak flows. At many locations, the flood peaks of December 3, 1982, exceeded the estimated peak flows for the 100-year recurrence interval. pU.S. Geological Survey U.S. Soil Conservation Service Water-quality data were collected at seven stations. Specific-conductance values ranged from 50 to 400 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 °Celsius. Water temperatures ranged from 0.0 °Celsius in the winter to 33.5 °Celsius in the summer. pH values ranged from 6.4 to 8.5 units. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations ranged from 2.2 to 12.8 milligrams per liter. Total nitrogen concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 2.20 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, with organic nitrogen as the most abundant form. Phosphorus concentrations ranged from zero to 0.29 milligram per liter as phosphorus. Bacteria counts were largest during storm runoff in the basin; livestock waste was the significant contributor. Suspended-sediment discharge data were collected at four stations. For the period from October 1, 1980, to September 30, 1984, the average annual suspended-sediment discharge ranged from 2,230 tons per year in the headwater areas to 27,800 tons per year at the most downstream station. The average annual suspended-sediment yield ranged from 59.6 to 85.9 tons per square mile. 1.0 INTRODUCTION REPORT SUMMARIZES AVAILABLE HYDROLOGIC DATA Hydrologic data collected before the completion of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service water-land improvement practices in the Little Black River basin are summarized for comparison with future data. Public Law 566 authorizes the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service to implement various types of water-land improvement practices in the Little Black River basin, which has a drainage area of 386 square miles. The purposes of these practices are watershed protection, flood prevention, recreation, and drainage improvement. Watershed protection practices will be implemented on about 66,130 acres of forestland, 18,000 acres of pasture land, and 37,500 acres of cropland. Construction planned for the basin includes 24 f loodwater-retarding structures, 1 multiple-purpose structure, and 85 miles of channel improvement. The construction is expected to be completed by 1995. The location of the study area, the floodwater-retarding structures, the multiple-purpose structure, and the areas of channel improvements are shown in figure 1.0-1. The water-land improvement practices to be implemented in the basin are designed, in part, to decrease suspended-sediment transport in the streams, decrease flood damage, and to improve drainage in the agricultural areas. To determine if these practices are successful, the hydrology in the basin before the improvements needs to be appraised. This report contains a summary of the geohydrologic data, with special emphasis on the surface-water data, collected in the basin before the water-land improvements. The general features described include the geology, ground-water hydrology, soils, land use, water use, and precipitation in the basin. Surface-water quantity characteristics include descriptions of daily and average annual streamflow, low flow, and floodflow. The surface-water quality characteristics described include specific conductance, water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and bacteria. The description of sediment characteristics includes suspended-sediment discharge from the basin. Most of this report is based on data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Soil Conservation Service from August 1980 to September 1984.

Surface-water hydrology of the Little Black River basin, Missouri and Arkansas, before water-land improvement practices