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Ground-water flow and tritium movement are described in an area at and near a low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Bureau County, Illinois. Ground-water flow in the shallow aquifer is confined to three basins, all of which ultimately drain into a strip-mine lake. Two principal ground-water flow paths were identified. A pebbly sand unit conveys ground water and tritium eastward from the site to the strip-mine lake in the largest basin, which drains about 70 percent of the site. Ground water in the other two basins is directed toward a stream before flowing toward the strip-mine lake. Lithologic and hydraulic characteristics of the geologic materials making up the shallow aquifer are described and used to develop a conceptual model of ground-water flow for each basin. Results of digital modeling refined the conceptual models for two basins and provided estimates of ground-water velocities, directions of ground-water flow, and recharge rates for the basins. In the largest basin, ground-water flow through the pebbly sand was measured at about 2 f 500 feet per year in a buried channel-like depression filled with the pebbly sand. Virtually all ground water in the largest basin flows through this channel-like depression. Ground water in the other two basins flows through outwash and till deposits at an estimated average velocity of about 25 feet per year. Tritium, moving as water, was the only radionuclide found on or off site. The most extensive migration of tritium off site was coincident with the buried channel-like depression. Tritium was found along the entire channellike structure, as well as in seeps along the bank of the strip-mine lake. With the exception of one well, there is no extensive off-site migration of tritium in the other two basins. The flow path from the site to the one well containing tritium is not defined. Tritium concentrations in ground water ranged from detection level (about 0.20 nanocurie per liter) to more than 300 nanocuries per liter.

Hydrogeology, ground-water flow, and tritium movement at low-level radioactive-waste disposal site near Sheffield, Illinois