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Nitrate-nitrogen and herbicide ground-water data is being collected by the u.s. Geological Survey as part of the nationwide Rural Clean Water Program designed to determine the effects of agricultural-management practices on water quality. Data collected from September 1982 to October 1983 · in the 188-square mile intensively farmed upper Conestoga River basin indicates high nitrate and detectable herbicide concentrations in ground water are closely associated with agricultural practices and carbonate geology. Maximum nitrate-nitrogen concentrations from 42 wells and one spring ranged from 37 to 40 milligrams per liter in the agricultural areas, and 12 to 19 milligrams per liter in the nonagricultural areas. Median concentrations of nitrate generally were three times higher in wells that penetrated carbonate rock than in wells that penetrated noncarbonate rocks. More than 40 percent of the wells in the carbonate and agricultural areas had dissolved-nitrate concentrations that exceeded 10 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, the criterion established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as excessive for drinking water. Atrazine, simazine, alachlor, and metolachlor were found almost exclusively in the agricultural and carbonate areas. Water-quality data collected before and after installation of terraces, manure storage, and nutrient and herbicide management practices is valuable in determining the effectivenes~ of these agricultural practices, and will provide useful information to protect agricultural land, local water supplies, the Conestoga and Susquehanna Rivers and ultimately the Chesapeake Bay. INTRODUCTION An intensive study is being conducted in the headwaters of the Conestoga River basin in south-central Pennsylvania to evaluate the effectiveness of agricultural best-management practices for improving water quality. This study, which began in 1981, is part of the nationwide Rural Clean Water Program designed to monitor the effects of agricultural-management practices on water quality. The upper Conestoga River basin area was chosen for study because it was designated as a watershed having the highest priority in Pennsylvania's Agricultural 208 Plan, a program designed to identify and control nonpoint-source discharges. Data collected early in the Pennsylvania Rural Clean Water Program indicate that high concentrations a~d large nonpoint-source discharges of nitrate and herbicides occur in the Conestoga River. These appear to be the most significant problems due to potential

water-resources investigations report

Occurrence of nitrate and herbicides in ground water in the upper Conestoga River basin, Pennsylvania : water-quality study of the Conestoga River headwaters, Pennsylvania