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Forty-five observation wells and test holes were installed at two chemical-waste-disposal sites in Oswego County to evaluate the hydrogeologic conditions and the rate and direction of leachate migration. At the site near Oswego, ground water moves northward at an average velocity of 0.4 feet per day (ft/d) through unconsolidated glacial deposits 10 to 40 ft thick and discharges into White Creek and Wine Creek, which border the site and discharge to Lake Ontario. Leaking barrels of chemical wastes have contaminated the ground water within the site, as evidenced by detection of nine "priority pollutant" organic compounds and elevated levels of specific conductance, chloride, and some trace metals (arsenic, lead, and mercury) at wells inside the site but not at wells upgradient or beyond the streams. At the site near Fulton, a sanitary landfill in which 8,000 barrels of chemical wastes were buried, ground water in the sand and in the sand and gravel aquifer that borders the landfill to the south and east moves southward and eastward at an average velocity of 2.8 ft/d and discharges to Bell Creek (which discharges to the Oswego River) or moves southward beneath the creek. Leachate is migrating to the east, southeast, and southwest of the landfill, as evidenced by elevated values of specific conductance, temperature, and several trace metals in water at wells in these areas. INTRODUCTION Large quantities of toxic chemicals were buried or temporarily stored at nine or more sites within Oswego County during 1968-77. The largest known amount of stored chemical waste is at a 46-acre waste-incinerator facility at the eastern edge of the City of Oswego, 1/2 mi south of Lake Ontario (fig. 1). The site began operation in 1969 and, during the next 9 years, incinerated monthly about 1 Mgal of liquid chemical acids, bases, nonchlorinated organic solvents, and organic solids (Scrudato and others, 1980). In 1974, a chemical spill at the site caused chemicals to overflow from a storage lagoon, flood the site, and flow V2 mile north to Lake Ontario. This event, combined with earlier violations of local, State, and Federal regulations, resulted in condemnation of the site. In August 1977, the owners abandoned the facility. Approximately 11,000 fifty-five gallons drums of chemical waste remain stockpiled at the site. The waste-incinerator facility was equipped to handle liquid waste only. In 1974, approximately 8,000 fifty-five-gallon barrels containing solid waste were transported from the Oswego site and buried at a 70-acre county sanitary landfill near the City of Fulton, 10 miles southwest of the main site (fig. 1). Another 9,000 barrels of chemical waste are at seven other locations in the county. 76° 30' 76° 15' 76°00' 75' 45'

Hydrogeology and leachate movement near two chemical-waste sites in Oswego County, New York