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An investigation of permeable units in Middle and Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks was made, in cooperation with the Kansas Department of Health and Environment, to define and update data on the geohydrology and chemical quality of water and to regionalize the results for about 12,700 square miles in 15 counties in western Kansas. The consolidated formations considered include rocks equivalent to the undifferentiated Middle and Upper Jurassic Entrada Sandstone and Morrison Formation and the Lower Cretaceous Cheyenne Sandstone, Kiowa Formation, and Dakota Formation. The rocks equivalent to the undifferentiated Entrada Sandstone and Morrison Formation occur in the subsurface in the western two-thirds of the area at depths ranging from about 300 to about 2,500 feet. The rocks consist of varicolored sandstone, siltstone, shale, and limestone. Maximum thickness is about 200 feet. The Cheyenne Sandstone occurs at depths ranging from about 200 to about 2,500 feet in the subsurface throughout the area, except along the south-central boundary. The rocks consist of white, brown, and gray, very fine to medium-grained sandstone and dark-gray shale. Maximum formation thickness is about 200 feet. The Kiowa Formation occurs in the subsurface except along the south-central boundary. The rocks to black shale with interbedded siltstone, sandstone, mum formation thickness is about 190 feet. throughout the area, consist of light-gray and limestone. MaxiThe Dakota Formation occurs at the land surface in five counties as isolated outcrops and in the subsurface at depths of more than 2,000 feet in Wallace County, except along the south-central boundary, consist of varicolored sandstone, shale, and siltstone with Maximum formation thickness is about 400 feet. The rocks some lignite. The Jurassic aquifer is defined as permeable and saturated sandstone and siltstone units equivalent to the undifferentiated Entrada Sandstone and Morrison Formation. The maximum total thickness of the sandstone beds is about 50 feet. During 1981, depths to water in three test wells completed in the aquifer ranged from 255 to 1,160 feet; static heads aquifer ranged from 2,408 to 3,090 feet sandstone tested in the Burnett No. 1 percent. The hydraulic gradient ranged northeast to 40 feet per mile toward the above sea level, well ranged from from 16 feet per north. in the artesian Porosity of the about 19 to 25 mile toward the The Cheyenne aquifer is defined as permeable and saturated sandstone units in the Cheyenne Sandstone. The maximum total thickness of the sandstone beds is about 190 feet. During 1981, depths to water in three test wells completed in the aquifer ranged from 267 to 375 feet; static heads in the artesian aquifer varied from less than 2,300 to more than 3,200 feet above sea level. Porosity of the sandstone tested in Burnett No. 1 well ranged from about 23 to 32 percent. The hydraulic gradient was toward the east at 8 feet per mile. The Dakota aquifer is defined as saturated permeable sandstone units in the Dakota Formation. The maximum total thickness of the sandstone beds is about 150 feet. During 1982, depths to water in wells completed in the aquifer ranged from 24 to 604 feet; static heads in the artesian aquifer ranged from about 2,100 to 3,200 feet. The hydraulic gradient was toward the east and northeast at 11 feet per mile. Transmissivity ranged from about 100 to 2,100 feet squared per day; specific capacity, from about 2.5 to 13 gallons per minute per foot of drawdown; storage coefficients, from 1 x 10'4 to 4 x 10' 3 ; and well yields, from about 150 to 1,200 gallons per minute. Water in the Jurassic aquifer, where sampled in Hamilton and Kearny Counties, is moderately saline, very hard, and unsuitable for drinking and irrigation. Sodium is the predominant cation in the water, and sulfate and chloride are the predominant anions. The most likely sources of saline water are from the natural dissolution of minerals and from interstitial saline water. Water in the Cheyenne aquifer, where sampled in Hamilton and Kearny Counties, is fresh to moderately saline, locally can vary from soft to very hard, and is suitable to unsuitable for drinking and irrigation. Sodium is the predominant cation, and sulfate and bicarbonate are the predominant anions. Water in the Dakota aquifer, where sampled in five counties, generally is fresh, soft to very hard, and suitable for drinking and irrigation. However, the water is slightly to moderately saline, soft to moderately hard, and unsuitable for drinking and irrigation in parts of Hamilton County. Sodium and calcium are the predominant cations, and bicarbonate, sulfate, and chloride are the predominant anions. The chemical type of water may vary locally. The slightly saline waters are sodium sulfate and sodium chloride types, and the moderately saline water is a calcium sulfate type. Ground water in all three aquifers is suitable for various uses that include domestic, stock, irrigation, public, and industrial water systems. The Jurassic and Cheyenne aquifers generally have had very little well development; however, the Dakota aquifer has had considerable development, but it is still considered underdeveloped in most localities.

Geohydrology and chemical quality of water in Middle and Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous rocks, western Kansas