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One major requirement for injecting and storing freshwater in aquifers in south Florida is a reliable source of water for injection. During dry periods, drainage canals of the South Florida Water Management District transport controlled releases of freshwater from interior storage areas to recharge the coastal surficial aquifers which yield water for use in the urban areas. During wet periods, freshwater is discharged from the canals to the ocean to minimize flooding in urban and agricultural areas. Water discharged during wet periods may constitute a potential source of freshwater for injection into suitable aquifers. Discharge data for the 1970-81 water years at 27 canal and river sites were analyzed. Analyses present 3Q-, 60-, 90-, 120-, and 183-consecutive day low-mean discharges at the 27 sites, to define minimum high-flow period fresh surface-water discharges potentially available for injection during the periods of highest canal flow (usually during wet periods). Curves show the magnitude and frequency of average minimum flows for consecutive-day periods during high-flow periods, assessing the lower limits of amounts of freshwater potentially available for injection during high-flow periods, and how often the discharges recur. Duration curves and tables show the percentage of time that selected discharges during the 1970-80 water years and high-flow periods were equaled or exceeded. Canal discharge as high as 660 cubic feet per second occurred 70 percent of the time during the high-flow period at one site (Tamiami Canal outlets, Levee 67A to 40-Mile Bend). At 11 other sites, discharges of 110 to 370 cubic feet per second occurred 70 percent of the time during the high-flow periods, while at 9 sites, discharges of 21 to 100 cubic feet per second occurred 70 percent of the time during the high-flow periods. At other sites (those in the Biscayne, Plantation Road, Middle River, C-lll, and Cypress Creek Canals), discharges of 0.1 cubic foot per second occurred 70 percent of the time during the high-flow periods. Criteria for amounts of surplus freshwater considered adequate to support injection systems cannot be established, as they would vary greatly with water needs to be satisfied and with the efficiency of a particular injection system. However, based upon this analysis of discharge at 27 canal and river sites throughout south Florida, it appears that substantial amounts of surface water are potentially available for subsurface injection and storage.

Subsurface storage of freshwater in south Florida; evaluation of surface-water discharge data at selected sites