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Hydro!ogic reconnaissance data collected at 11 sites in August and September 1980 and at 12 sites in March 1982 provide a basis for describing the flow characteristics of the Togiak River and its tributaries. The Togiak River drains 1,935 square miles in the Ahklun and Wood River Mountains. Surface waters are generally cold and clear, have significant wilderness recreation values, and provide outstanding salmon habitat. Unit runoff, computed from discharge measurements made during the 1980 trip, ranged from 2.3 to 8.1 cubic feet per second per square mile. Stream widths ranged from 25 feet on one tributary to more than 300 feet on the Togiak River near its mouth. Mean depths of the channels measured ranged from 0.9 to 4.7 feet. Mean velocities ranged between 1 and 4 feet per second and bore little relation to discharge. In March 1982, measurements were made at the 1980 data-collection sites and at an additional site on the Ongivinuck River. Unit discharge for sites having little or no upstream lake storage was about 0.5 cubic foot per second per square mile. For the remaining sites, values ranged from 0.8 cubic foot per second per square mile on the Pungokepuk Creek to 1.4 cubic feet per second per square mile on the Togiak. River below the Ongivinuck River. High-water marks of maximum evident floods and the corresponding channel geometries, were surveyed at eight sites. This information was used to compute the flood discharge. Based on these discharges the unit flood runoffs ranged from 12.9 to 50 cubic feet per second per square mile. During both trips, field measurements were made of water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, alkalinity, and specific conductance. Based on these data, water quality seems much the same throughout the basin. Samples of benthic invertebrates collected in 1980 indicate a reasonably diverse fauna, with the Diptera family Chironomidae representing the largest percentage of all organisms found at most sites. Composition of the benthic communities suggests that the overall health of streams sampled is "good" and represents what would normally be expected in these cold-water streams. INTRODUCTION This report is a product of a Geological Survey 1970's, to study environmental conditions in This program has been active principally in tho River) and along existing or proposed transportation included collection of geologic, seismic, topographic Two completed hydro!ogic reconnaissance studies Noatak River system (Childers and Kernodle, (Childers and Kernodle, 1983), both in northwestern The Togiak River and its of the Native residents, and, because the area the principal means of transportation. Commercial industry and income source for area residents. the spawning grounds for salmon numerous species of resident fish. program, .elected frontier under way since the early areas of Alaska. l Arctic region (north of the Yukon corridors. The studies have i , and hydro!ogic information. ... this program are those for the 1981) and the Kobuk River system Alaska (fig. 1). excellent recreational years. tributaries are economically important to the 1 is roadless, the streams fishing is the most The Togiak River system and other anadromous fish as well as Because thisi scenic river system also resources, its use by man The purpose of this report is to present reconnaissance-level data on the surfacewater resources of the Togiak River basin. Tiese data include measurements and observations of streamflow conditions during late summer and late winter periods, stream-channel characteristics, evidence of past flooding and erosion, water quality, and benthic invertebrate populations. The data will help to (1) estimate adequacy of streamflow for proposed uses of the has increased noticeably ivelihood serve as prevalent provides for the possesses in recent stream or its water, (2) estimate and (3) detect and evaluate future natural or man-induced changes in the hydro!ogic system. A description of the the Togiak basin is included, and the potential for future flooding and erosion, of physiographic and climatic characteristics streamgaging records for several streams that drain a hydrologically and geologically similar area are summarized. Acknowledgments The authors wish to acknowledge the technical Allely of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources Geophysical Surveys, for their help in the summe assistance of Steve Mack and Rodger Division of Geological and field work and data computations. Setting and Climate The Togiak River basin occupies a 1,935-mi 2 Bay in southwest Alaska (fig. 1). Most area Togiak and Twin Hills, near the mouth of the roads exist in the basin; transportation is by sled in winter, and aircraft year round. aroa along the north side of Bristol residents live in the villages of river at Togiak Bay (fig. 2). No boat in summer, snowmobile and dog The Togiak River begins as the Izavieknik Mountains and flows southwestward for about 100 mountains have jagged summits that are 2,000 to 1965, p. 33). The mountain ridges are separated which contain glacial lakes fed by snowmelt str River in the Ahklun and Wood River mi to Togiak Bay (fig. 2). The 5,000 ft in altitude (Wahrhaftig, by broad U-shaped valleys, many of Oams. The lakes range in size from 18 0° 70 " 17 2" 16 4° 15 6° 14 8° 14 0" 13 2° 12 4° 70 ° E X P L A N A T IO N B as in b ou nd ar y 10 0 20 0 30 0 40 0 50 0 K il om et er s 58 ° B as e ad ap te d f ro m U .S .G eo lo gi ca l S u rv ey M ap C Fi gu re 1 .L oc at io n of th e T og ia k R iv er b as in a nd o th er s tu dy a re as in th is s er ie s of r ep or ts .

Reconnaissance of surface-water resources in the Togiak River basin, southwestern Alaska, 1980 and 1982