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A two-dimensional finite-element surface-water flow modeling system based on the shallow-water equations was used to study the effect of Interstate Highway 10 (I-10) on water-surface elevations and flow distribution during the flood of April 2, 1980, on the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana. The model can be used to simulate both lateral and longitudinal velocities and variations in water-surface elevation, highly variable flood-plain topography and vegetative cover, and geometric features such as highway embankments, dikes, and channel bends. Geometric features of widely varying sizes are easily accommodated within a single finite-element network. A finite-element network was designed to represent the topography and vegetative cover of the study reach. Hydrographic data collected for the April 1980 flood were used to calibrate the flow model. The finite-element network was then modified to represent conditions without I-10 in place, and the hydraulic impact of I-10 was determined by comparing results with and without I-10. Model results show that, without I-10 in place, much of the flow shifts from the west side of the flood plain to the east side upstream from the site of I-10. With I-10 in place, this flow shift occurs somewhat farther upstream than it does without the roadway in place. Upstream from the roadway, maximum backwater at the west edge is 1.1 feet, but backwater extends farther upstream along the east edge of the flood plain than along the west edge. Backwater ranging from 0.6 to 0.2 foot extends more than a mile downstream from the Pearl River bridge opening in I-10 at the east edge of the flood plain, and drawdown of 0.2 foot or more occurs along approximately 2 miles of the west edge of the flood plain downstream from I-10. The capability of the modeling system to simulate the significant features of steady-state flow in a complex multichannel river-flood-plain system with variable topography and vegetative cover was successfully demonstrated in this study. These features included lateral variations in discharge distribution and backwater or drawdown. (Author)

A Two-dimensional finite-element model study of backwater and flow distribution at the I-10 crossing of the Pearl River near Slidell, Louisiana