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The source of freshwater in the Manasota Basin (hydropolitical basin) is rainfall. The average annual rainfall within the Basin is 53.7 inches, and evapotranspiration within the Southwest Florida Water Management District is about 39 inches per year. The Myakka and Manatee Rivers are the major streams draining the Basin. Numerous small streams originate within several miles of the coast and flow into bays and estuaries. Annual runoff for gaged parts of the Myakka River and Manatee River basins ranges from about 13 to 17 inches per year. Streamflow in the upland areas of the Basin diminishes rapidly following the end of the rainy season and approaches zero during extended dry periods. Surface water in the Basin is generally of good quality, except in tidally affected coastal areas where streams and canals are commonly saline. The quality varies seasonally, generally becoming more mineralized during the dry seasons when flow of streams is supplemented or maintained by ground-water discharge. As of 1978, the Big Slough Canal at North Port, the Manatee River at Lake Manatee Reservoir, the Braden River at Ward Lake, and the Little Manatee River in northern Manatee County were used for public water supply, supplying about 40 million gallons per day. The Manasota Basin is underlain by a thick sequence of sedimentary rocks whose lithology and structure control the occurrence and movement of ground water. The principal hydrologic units are (1) surficial aquifer, (2) intermediate aquifers and confining beds, (3) Floridan aquifer, and (4) sub-Floridan confining unit. The quality of ground water in the Basin is generally good, except in the western (coastal) and southern parts where saltwater intrusion or incomplete flushing of connate water has occurred. The mineral content of ground water generally increases with depth and also increases areally from the northeast towards the west and south. Concentrations of dissolved solids in the surficial aquifer and intermediate aquifers are generally less than 500 milligrams per liter, except in coastal areas where concentrations may exceed 5,000 milligrams per liter. In the Floridan aquifer, concentrations of dissolved solids exceed 500 milligrams per liter in the western and southern parts of the Basin. In the surficial aquifer and intermediate aquifers, concentrations of sulfate and chloride greater than 250 milligrams per liter occur in the coastal and southern parts of the Basin. In the Floridan aquifer, concentrations of sulfate exceeded 250 milligrams per liter, except in the northeast. Concentrations of chloride greater than 250 milligrams per liter are generally limited to the coastal and extreme southern parts of the Basin. The intermediate aquifers and Floridan aquifer are highly developed sources of water. The surficial aquifer is undeveloped except near the coast and southern part of the Basin where water from deep aquifers is unpotable. Water from intermediate aquifers is widely used for domestic and public supplies. The Floridan aquifer is a major source of water for agricultural irrigation. Water use in the Basin is estimated to be 118 million gallons per day. The major use of water is for irrigation, an estimated 44 million gallons per day in 1975. More than 90 percent of the irrigation water was from ground-water sources, Estimated water use for public supply was 30.3 million gallons per day (1978) and is projected to increase to 120 million gallons per day by 2000. By 1985, the projected water use for industrial supply (including proposed phosphate mining in Manatee County) will be 34.4 million gallons per day. The existing surface-water network consists of three continuous-record stage stations and three crest-stage, partial-record stations. Currently, one streamflow station, Myakka River near Sarasota, and one discontinued station, Manatee River near Bradenton, have sufficient discharge record (more than 20 years) to adequately define their streamflow characteristics. The revised network could include: (1) an expansion of the existing streamflow-data network; (2) a low-flow, partial-record network; (3) expansion of the crest-stage, partial-record network; and (4) collection of data required for modeling of stream systems. Major land-use changes, such as strip mining, urbanization, and stream impoundments and diversions, require reassessment of the type and use of data collected at each station. Such changes may require establishment of additional continuousand partial-record stations to provide an adequate data base for management of the surface-water sources. The major emphasis of the existing ground-water network is directed toward the Floridan aquifer; few data are being collected on the surficial aquifer or intermediate aquifers. Most wells in the network are privately owned and may penetrate one or more aquifers*or water-bearing zones. Data obtained from these wells may represent a composite of various aquifers, and access to these wells may be only temporary. Development and completion of the regional ground-water monitoring plan could provide most of the data necessary to adequately define the ground-water system and meet the needs for appraisal, protection, and management of groundwater resources in the Basin. About 50 percent of the monitoring sites should be completed by 1982.

Water resources and data-network assessment of the Manasota Basin, Manatee and Sarasota Counties, Florida