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The unconfined aquifer in Charlotte County contains some potable water over most of the area, and represents a potential source of water supply to help satisfy the increasing demands of development. The unconfined aquifer extends throughout the county and averages about 35 feet thick; it is composed of sand, marl, shells, and limestone. A sequence of clay with an average thickness of about 40 feet separates the unconfined aquifer from the underlying confined (artesian) aquifers. An estimated 150 billion cubic feet of relatively good quality water is stored in the unconfined aquifer in Charlotte County. The transmissivity of the unconfined aquifer averages about 500 square feet per day, ranging from about 100 to 7,000 square feet per day. The specific yield of the unconfined aquifer is estimated to be about 0.25. Although recharge of the unconfined aquifer is primarily from rainfall, a significant amount of recharge occurs by upward movement of water from the underlying confined aquifers through abandoned and flowing irrigation wells. The average annual recharge is estimated at about 12 inches per year, and ranges from less than 1 inch to 16 inches per year, depending on the permeability and thickness of aquifer material and the topography. The chemical quality of the water in the unconfined aquifer is variable. Except in tidal areas and where brackish water enters the aquifer from wells that tap the confined aquifers, however, the chloride concentration of water from the unconfined aquifer generally is less than 50 milligrams per liter. In water from some wells, concentrations of dissolved iron and color exceed the limits established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Both iron and color are easily removed from water as part of the water treatment process, however. Cape Haze and Gasparilla Island well fields are the only water-supply facilities presently (1977) withdrawing from the aquifer. Their total withdrawal is about 0.43 million gallons per day. About 1,000 private and industrial wells pump about 2 to 4 million gallons per day. Average well yield throughout Charlotte County is about 10 to 30 gallons per minute. The area of greatest potential yield is located east of Telegraph Swamp in eastern Charlotte County. The unconfined aquifer in this area can be developed by constructing conventional wells, collector wells, or tile drains. The amount of water that could be salvaged by capturing natural water loss (evaporation and runoff) of 12 inches annually is about 14 million gallons per day for a 25-square-mile area.

Feasibility of water-supply development from the unconfined aquifer in Charlotte County, Florida