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The hydrology and water quality of an urbanized reach of Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, were examined as part of the Great Salt Lake Basins study, part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment program. Physical and chemical properties of the stream were referenced to established aquatic-life criteria as available. Two fixed sampling sites were established on Little Cottonwood Creek with the purpose of determining the influence of urbanization on the water quality of the stream. The fixed-site assessment is a component of the National WaterQuality Assessment surface-water study design used to assess the spatial and temporal distribution of selected water-quality constituents. The occurrence and distribution of major ions, nutrients, trace elements, dissolved and suspended organic carbon, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and suspended sediment were monitored during this study. From October 1998 to September 2000, stream samples were collected at regular intervals at the two fixed sites. Additional samples were collected at these sites during periods of high flow, which included runoff from snowmelt in the headwaters and seasonal thunderstorms in the lower basin. Arsenic was detected in 16 of 25 samples from site 1 in concentrations ranging from 0.7 to 7.5 micrograms per liter (μg/L). Arsenic was detected in all 49 samples collected from site 2, with concentrations ranging from 4.7 to 284 μg/L. Surface runoff and sub-surface drainage near smelter tailings are likely sources of arsenic solutes. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency aquatic-life criterion of 150 μg/L was exceeded in 8 of 49 samples at site 2. Several pesticides were detected in more than 40 percent of the samples from sites 1 and 2. Prometon was the most frequently detected pesticide and was measured at higher concentrations than any other detected pesticide. Maximum measured prometon concentration was 0.98 μg/L at site 1 and 5.61 μg/L at site 2. Samples collected for volatile organic compounds at sites 1 and 2 were analyzed for 86 compounds. At site 2, 28 compounds were detected. Toluene was detected at site 2 at a maximum concentration of 3.15 μg/L, which exceeded the aquatic-life criterion of 2 μg/L. Runoff from urban land cover is a substantial source of nutrients and pesticides to Little Cottonwood Creek. Nutrient concentrations calculated in runoff to the stream between sites 1 and 2 during a storm on April 14, 2000, were generally much higher than the mean concentration calculated for the storm at either site 1 or 2. Atrazine, carbaryl, dacthal, and prometon concentrations calculated for inflow between sites 1 and 2 during the storm were more than twice the mean concentration calculated for the storm at site 1 and more than 30 percent higher than the mean concentration at site 2. Specific-conductance values and chloride concentration increased in the urbanized reach of Little Cottonwood Creek during and following most winter storms. These increases were likely the result of road salting. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has recommended that the concentration of chloride not exceed 860 mg/L for more than 1 hour every 3 years or exceed a 4-day

Hydrology and water quality of an urban stream reach in the Great Basin — Little Cottonwood Creek near Salt Lake City, Utah, water years 1999–2000