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Radiochemical and chemical wastes generated at facilities at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) have been discharged to infiltration ponds at the Test Reactor Area (TRA) and the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC) and buried at the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) since 1952. Disposal of wastewater to ponds and infiltration of surface water at waste burial sites have resulted in formation of perched ground water in basalts and in sedimentary interbeds above the Snake River Plain aquifer. Perched ground water is an integral part of the pathway for waste-constituent migration to the aquifer. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, maintains a continuous monitoring network at the INEEL to determine hydrologic trends and to monitor the movement of wastewater discharged from facilities. This report presents an analysis of water-level and water-quality data collected from perched ground water at the INEEL during 1996-98. During 1996-98, tritium concentrations in water from wells completed in deep perched ground water at the TRA generally decreased or were variable. During 1998, concentrations ranged from less than the reporting level to 116±4 picocuries per milliliter (pCi/mL). Tritium concentrations in water from wells at the TRA were affected by distance of the well from the radioactive-waste ponds, depth of the water below the ponds, the amount of tritium discharged to the radioactivewaste ponds in the past, discontinued use of the radioactive-waste ponds, radioactive decay, and dilution from nonradioactive water. During 1996-98, strontium-90 concentrations in water from wells completed in deep perched ground water at the TRA were variable. During October 1998, concentrations ranged from less than the reporting level to 59±2 picocuries per liter (pCi/L). Cesium-137 and cobalt-60 were detected in water from a shallow well near the radioactivewaste pond retention basin. Dissolved chromium concentrations in perched ground water at the TRA during 1998 ranged from less than 14 to 98 micrograms per liter. The largest concentrations were in water from wells north and west of the radioactive-waste ponds. Dissolved sodium concentrations ranged from 6.1 to 1,000 milligrams per liter (mg/L) in 1998. Dissolved sulfate concentrations ranged from 18 to 3,200 mg/L. The largest concentrations of sodium and sulfate were in water from a well near the chemical-waste pond. During 1996-98, tritium concentrations in water from wells completed in deep perched ground water near the INTEC infiltration ponds generally decreased because of decreased disposal; strontium-90 concentrations were variable. In October 1998, tritium concentrations ranged from less than the reporting level to 9.7±0.5 pCi/mL; strontium-90 concentrations ranged from less than the reporting level to 2.8±0.6 pCi/L. During 1996-98, concentrations of sodium, chloride, and sulfate in water from wells completed in perched ground water near the INTEC infiltration ponds were similar to the concentrations of the constituents in the wastewater discharged. During 1996-98, concentrations of selected radiochemical constituents were below the reporting level in all samples from a well completed in perched ground water at the RWMC. Samples contained concentrations greater than the reporting levels of 14 different purgeable organic compounds.

water-resources investigations report

Distribution of selected radiochemical and chemical constituents in perched ground water, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Idaho, 1996-98