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This fact sheet describes water quality and geochemistry of the Little Arkansas River and Equus Beds aquifer during 2001 through 2016 as part of the City of Wichita’s Equus Beds aquifer storage and recovery project in south-central Kansas. The Equus Beds aquifer storage and recovery project was developed to help meet future water demand by pumping water out of the Little Arkansas River (during above-base-flow conditions), treating it using National Primary Drinking Water Regulations as a guideline, and injecting it into the aquifer for later use. Waterquality data were collected and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey from 2 Little Arkansas River surface-water sites and 63 Equus Beds groundwater sites, including 38 areal assessment index wells, each of which has a shallow well and a deep well. About 4,700 surface and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for more than 300 water-quality constituents. About 1,300 groundwater chemistry samples were geochemically modeled. Constituents of concern in the Equus Beds aquifer exceeded their respective Federal criteria throughout the study period and included chloride, sulfate, nitrate plus nitrite, Escherichia coli (E. coli), total coliforms, and dissolved iron and arsenic species. Introduction The Equus Beds aquifer is a primary water source for the city of Wichita, Kansas (fig. 1). Historically, the volume of water that has been pumped out of parts of the aquifer has exceeded its natural recharge rate; thus, aquifer water levels have decreased substantially (Klager, 2016; Whisnant and others, 2015; Hansen and others, 2014). The easternmost area of the aquifer, including the Wichita well field, is susceptible to saltwater contamination from the Arkansas River (fig. 1) and saltwater intrusion from existing upgradient contamination plumes caused by 1930s oil field evaporation pits (Whittemore, 2007; Klager and others, 2014). The Equus Beds aquifer storage and recovery project was created to help the city meet increasing future water demands, and, as an added benefit, the aquifer storage and recovery project can also inhibit saltwater encroachment into the uncontaminated parts of the aquifer (Ziegler and others, 2010; Klager and others, 2014). Source water for artificial recharge is obtained from the Little Arkansas River during above-base-flow conditions, is treated using National Primary Drinking Water Regulations as a guideline, and is injected into the Equus Beds aquifer through recharge wells and spreading basins for later use. 97°20’ 97°30’ 97°40’

Water-quality and geochemical variability in the Little Arkansas River and Equus aquifer, south-central Kansas, 2001–16