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New analyses of 120 oil samples combined with 139 previously published oil analyses were used to characterize and map the distribution of oil types in the San Joaquin Basin, California. The results show that there are at least four oil types designated MM, ET, EK, and CM. Most of the oil from the basin has low to moderate sulfur content (less than 1 weight percent sulfur), although a few unaltered MM oils have as much as 1.2 weight percent sulfur. Reevaluation of source rock data from the literature indicate that the EK oil type is derived from the Eocene Kreyenhagen Formation, and the MM oil type is derived, in part, from the Miocene to Pliocene Monterey Formation and its equivalent units. The ET oil type is tentatively correlated to the Eocene Tumey formation of Atwill (1935). Previous studies suggest that the CM oil type is derived from the Late Cretaceous to Paleocene Moreno Formation. Maps of the distribution of the oil types show that the MM oil type is restricted to the southern third of the San Joaquin Basin Province. The composition of MM oils along the southern and eastern margins of the basin reflects the increased contribution of terrigenous organic matter to the marine basin near the Miocene paleoshoreline. EK oils are widely distributed along the western half of the basin, and ET oils are present in the central and west-central areas of the basin. The CM oil type has only been found in the Coalinga area in southwestern Fresno County. The oil type maps provide the basis for petroleum system maps that incorporate source rock distribution and burial history, migration pathways, and geologic relationships between hydrocarbon source and reservoir rocks. These petroleum system maps were used for the 2003 U.S. Geological Survey resource assessment of the San Joaquin Basin Province. Introduction A petroleum system consists of a pod of active source rock; reservoir rock with an adequate seal; favorable timing of petroleum generation, migration, and trap formation; and all genetically related hydrocarbons that occur as petroleum shows, seeps, and accumulations (Magoon and Dow, 1994). The first step in identifying petroleum systems is to characterize and map the geographical distribution of oil and gas types. This paper presents the results of a petroleum geochemical study that characterizes oil types that, in turn, establish a basis for mapping petroleum systems in the San Joaquin Basin, California (Magoon and others, this volume, chapter 8). The petroleum system maps were used for the 2003 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) resource assessment of the basin (USGS San Joaquin Basin Province Assessment Team, this volume, chapter 1). Petroleum Systems of the San Joaquin Basin Province, California—Geochemical Characteristics of Oil Types By Paul G. Lillis and Leslie B. Magoon

u.s. geological survey professional papers/u.s. geological survey professional paper

Petroleum systems of the San Joaquin Basin Province -- geochemical characteristics of gas types: Chapter 10 in &lt;i&gt;Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California&lt;/i&gt;