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A finite-difference model of Columbia Glacier is used to study the possible retreat of the terminus. The model calculates the glacier motion from the glacier geometry via relationships of glacier dynamics and updates the glacier geometry in time increments via the continuity equation and a prescribed mass balance function. The sliding velocity is assumed to have the same functional relationship to glacier geometry as does the velocity due to deformation. Values of model parameters are fit to Columbia Glacier data gathered during the 1977-78 mass balance year. Approach to flotation of the terminus is implied by the model as the cause of the predicted rapid retreat and is a direct consequence of the rapid thinning observed at the terminus. Alternative schemes are examined to treat a floating terminus. In all cases, a rapid retreat eventually occurs.

Finite-difference model predictions of the drastic retreat of Columbia Glacier, Alaska