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Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 2 Purpose 2 Method and scope 2 Description of Sinclair Inlet 6 Hydrography 6 Climate 6 Data-collection program 6 Water current 12 Acoustic Doppler current profiler 12 Geoprobe-EMCM-13 Wind 13 Water level 13 Suspended sediment 13 Bottom sediment 14 Time-series data processing and analysis 14 Wind data 14 Acoustic Doppler current profiler data 15 Geoprobe data 15 Electromagnetic current meters 16 Light-emitting diode (LED) transmissometers 16 Optical backscatter sensors 16 Application of data logger analog-to-digital (A/D) calibrations 16 Observed winds, tides, currents, and sediment17 Currents 23 Observed currents 23 Harmonic analyses 35 Residual circulation pattern 43 Salinity and temperature 51 Bottom sediment 59 Suspended sediment 63 Bottom boundary layer and sediment resuspension 69 Near-bed velocity profile 69 B asic equations 70 Computation of parameters for estimating bottom shear stress 70 Drag coefficients for use with velocities measured with ADCPs 74 Bed skin friction 75 Estimation of critical shear stress 78 Comparison of bed skin friction with critical shear stress 79 Summary and conclusions 80 References 82 Appendix A.~Harmonic analyses of current-velocity data 84 Appendix B. Harmonic analysis of water-level data 137 in FIGURES 1. Map showing location of Sinclair Inlet and Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Washington 3 2. Map of Sinclair Inlet, Washington, showing locations of acoustic Doppler current profiler, Geoprobe, wind, and tide stations 4 3. Diagram of Acoustic Doppler current profiler 8 4. Hourly currents measured at the east station with the accoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) at 1.9 meters above the bed and with an electromagnetic current meter on the Geoprobe at 1.2 meters above the bed 25 9-14. Graphs showing samples of current velocity vectors near bottom, middle, and near surface measured with acoustic Doppler current profiler: 9. East station during the winter deployment period 26 10. Center station during the winter deployment period 27 11. West station during the winter deployment period 28 12. East station during the summer deployment period 29 13. Center station during the summer deployment period 30 14. West station during the summer deployment period 31 15. Graphs showing hourly burst-average current velocity vectors measured with current meters on the Geoprobe at indicated distances above the bed 32 16-20. Graphs showing various parameters as functions of distance above the bottom at the east, center, …

Water velocities and the potential for the movement of bed sediments in Sinclair Inlet of Puget Sound, Washington