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collected magnetotelluric (MT) to determine major subsurface structures from their resistivity structure. The objective of these measurements was to aid in evaluating the regional hydrological flow patterns of the western part of the southwestern Nevada volcanic field. Figure 1 is a regional map showing the This method is an electromagnetic (EM) method that uses measurements of the natural electric (E) and magnetic (H) time-varying fields on the earth's surface to infer the subsurface electrical resistivity structure. Natural sources of MT fields above frequencies of about 1 Hz are thunderstorms worldwide; discharges from lightning radiate fields that propagate around the world in the earth-ionosphere cavity. At frequencies below 1 Hz, the bulk of the signal is due to current systems in the magnetosphere set up by solar activity. These sources create a spectrum of EM fields in the frequency band 10~4 to 104 Hz, which provide information to delineate structures at depth from a few tens of meters to the upper mantle at a few tens of kilometers. MT data at various frequencies provide a means to distinguish spatial variations in resistivity vertically and laterally. The EM field penetration, which decays exponentially, is related to the frequency and resistivity of the medium. A common term to measure penetration depth is the skin depth (5) which is the depth where the field has decayed to 1/e of its surface value. (1) where 5 is in meters, p. is the magnetic permeability and is approximately with the free space value (4;r 10~7 H/m), p is the resistivity (Q-m) and/is the frequency (Hz). Higher frequencies map near surface resistivity distribution. Lower frequencies provide information on deeper structures. Lightning discharges and magnetospheric current systems produce time-varying H-fields, which behave almost like plane waves at the surface of the earth. Most of the energy is reflected but a small amount is propagated vertically downward into the earth. Through Faraday's Law the H-fields produce an electromotive force (emf) in the conducting earth that causes electric currents to flow within the earth. These E-fields are measured on the surface by an average of the voltage drop across two electrodes. The E-fields are more locally sensitive to the conductivity distribution than the H-fields. From the amplitude, phase, and directional relationship between E-and H-fields on the surface, one can infer the distribution of subsurface electrical resistivity. For a layered half-space only horizontal E-fields are induced. If the ground is inhomogeneous, …

Magnetotelluric data in the Pahute Mesa and Oasis Valley areas, Nye County, Nevada