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A prototype closed-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer system, operating from battery power and without liquid nitrogen, has successfully been used for both ground-based and airborne measurements of volcanic gases. Ground-based measurements of ambient air at selected locations around the summit of Kilauea volcano revealed the presence of significant concentrations of sulfur dioxide, greater than 5 ppm in some locations, as well as excess carbon dioxide up to 50 ppm above the ambient level. Carbon monoxide was detected in one location. Airborne profiles of the volcanic plume from Pu'u "O'o on the East Rift of Kilauea by the FTIR showed levels of nearly 3 ppm SO2 in the core of the plume. An emission rate of 2,050 t/d sulfur dioxide was calculated from the FTIR data which agrees closely with measurements by a correlation spectrometer on the same flight. This is the first measurement of a volcanic gas emission rate by an FTIR system.

A closed-path Fourier transform infrared spectrometer for measuring volcanic gases