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The geoelectric expression of part of the structural margin of the Bursum caldera was determined from three audiomagnetotelluric (AMT) profiles across the western part of the caldera in the Mogollon mining district. In this area, the structural and topographic caldera walls have been identified by detailed geologic mapping. The AMT profiles show that the caldera structural margin is associated with a resistivity exceeding 400 ohm-m caused by quartz veins, silicification of wall rocks, and (or) silicic intrusion in the caldera ring-fracture zone. Data were also acquired to the northeast and north of the Mogollon mining district, where the caldera margin is inferred to be buried by younger lava flows and volcaniclastic rocks. A resistivity anomaly near Negrito Mountain separates markedly different geoelectric sections, and shows high resistivity typical of silicic intrusions or silicified rocks. In the gold-silver-copper producing Mogollon mining district, the Queen fault and vein, a reactivated caldera ring fault, is expressed as a high-resistivity anomaly (400 ohm-m or more) that is about 500 m wide and possibly extends to a depth of 1 to 2 km. Also at this depth, the resistivity decreases to less than 100 ohmm for a width of about 500 m on both the east and west side of the vein. This symmetrical resistivity anomaly is centered in a 5-kmwide, 2-3 km deep, zone of 250-400 ohm-m that contrasts with resistivities exceeding 400 ohm-m on both sides. The observed pattern is interpreted to represent relatively low resistivity of variably intense propylitic alteration related to hydrothermal activity accompanying intrusion, silicification, or calcification in the Queen vein. The resistivity pattern becomes weak and incomplete 3 km north of the main area of mineralization within the Mogollon mining district, and disappears about 6 km to the north. The fault zone,however, is evident as a resistivity contrast. In the central part of the Mogollon mining area, the extent of the 250-400 ohm-m zone surrounding the main vein may represent the east-west horizontal extent of the hydrothermal system that produced the Mogollon mining area. Two AMT traverses north of the Mogollon mining district did not positively identify the northern margin of the caldera, where it is covered by younger volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks. However, a major geoelectric discontinuity along one of the traverses and an associated resistivity high are best interpreted as a significant fault and an associated intrusion or silicified rock.

Audiomagnetotelluric study of the Bursum Caldera and Mogollon mining district, Southwest New Mexico