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This report is a tutorial guide to the use of digital image processing on the Macintosh computer as a tool for map generation. The procedures described will enable the reader to produce digital maps in raster or bit-mapped format that are stored within the computer. Included are various programs and image and data files to be used with the report. Each section of this report takes a sequentially more detailed look into the process of map-making on the Macintosh computer. We focus first on the mechanics of program utilization, then on details of using image-processing techniques for generation of maps. We outline conventions and terminology common to image processing, and we summarize the layout of the NIH Image program, the main tool used for map generation in this tutorial, describing its main functions and the primary uses of its display windows and tools. We then concentrate on the uses of NIH Image for map production, first giving an overview of what is involved in making a digital map. We next describe these steps in more detail, and with the use of supplemental images, give step-by-step instructions on how NIH Image can be used to create a desired product. The last part of this section gives information on how we link ancillary data with a map image and illustrates how this combination can be used to make thematic maps. We then take the reader through the process of converting the image files of a single gray-scale map into three different color thematic maps. We show how one can reduce map scale, transform maps with more than 256 units to maps with fewer units, and mosaic map segments together. Finally, we describe supplemental procedures applicable to specific parts of map-making, including the use of NIH Image to generate ASCII files of measurements (for example, areas of map units), the use of a data-compression program (Stuffif), and the encoding of a BINHEX file, a process needed before files can be transmitted by electronic mails. We include three Appendices: the first gives some background on the example data base; the second lists the computer files included with this report; and the third summarizes the main steps of map generation. i Table of

The generation of raster-format geologic maps using digital image-processing on the Macintosh computer; a tutorial guide