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The future economic growth of the Pajaro Valley will depend on the development of a reliable ground-water supply to meet most of its water needs. Groundwater resources are limited, and an increasing demand has resulted in lowered water levels and seawater intrusion near Monterey Bay. An investigation of the ground-water system of the Pajaro Valley was undertaken to describe the basic geology and hydrology of the system and to develop a better understanding of the system in response to pumping stresses. A mathematical model of the groundwater system was used to aid in the understanding of the system. The geologic units that were studied in order to evaluate the major developed ground-water flow system of the Pajaro Valley area are of Quaternary age and consist principally of the Aromas Sand, terrace deposits, alluvium, and dune sand. These deposits extend westward from the San Andreas rift zone to a distance offshore beneath Monterey Bay and are bounded on the north, east, and southeast by outcrops of older consolidated and partly consolidated rocks. The Aromas Sand, terrace deposits, and alluvium contain lenticular beds of coarse gravels and sands that grade upward into lagoonal silts and clays. The Aromas Sand is divided into older fluvial deposits and younger eolian deposits. The terrace deposits and alluvium grade upward from a basal gravel bed into finer grained deposits. The basal gravel is underlain by the Aromas Sand and overlain by an extensive zone of numerous, intercalated clay beds. Above the clay beds, the terrace deposits and alluvium are heterogeneous mixtures of mostly finegrained material. The upper Tertiary Purisima Formation, which underlies the Quaternary deposits of the Pajaro Valley, has undergone very limited development in the study area due to its greater depth and generally lower permeability. However, the formation is a principal source of ground water for both the Soquel-Aptos and north-central Santa Cruz County areas and may have substantial water-bearing potential.

u.s. geological survey open file report/open-file report

Documentation of model input and output values for the geohydrology and mathematical simulation of the Pajaro Valley aquifer system, Santa Cruz and Monterey counties, California