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The shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal and the surrounding area was analyzed from June 1985 through May 1986. This analysis was the preliminary phase of a study, the main objective of which was to assess the potential for ground-water contaminants to migrate to Lake 'Michigan or to the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal. This preliminary analysis was done to obtain more detailed information about the physical characteristics and thickness of the Calumet aquifer and the shallow flow regime in that aquifer and to select the best sites for ground-water-quality monitoring. During this preliminary analysis, 36 shallow wells were installed, 19 continuous sediment cores ranging from 4 to 18 feet long were collected, and 7 test holes were drilled to the bottom of the surficial aquifer. In addition to water-level measurements made in the 36 shallow wells, measurements also were made in 9 privately-owned wells. These measurements and other available data indicate that the surficial aquifer consists of fineto medium-grained sand, which is locally overlain by slag fill. Total aquifer thickness ranges from 0 to 65 feet. This aquifer is underlain by a mantle of till and lacustrine clay about 100 feet thick that overlies carbonate bedrock of Silurian age. Based on measurements in these 45 shallow wells, broad water-table mounds of low relief underlie the area between Lake Michigan and the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal and between the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal and the Little Calumet River to the south. The crests of these mounds form major water-table divides that trend east-west in the study area. Northwest of the Indiana Harbor Canal, a narrow water-table ridge extends along the Lake Michigan shoreline and connects to a somewhat circular, mound northwest of the Indiana Harbor Canal. The direction of flow generally is from these water-table mounds to the major streams or to Lake Michigan. Ground water locally discharges to small ditches, wetlands, and sewer lines. Ground water discharges directly to Lake Michigan north of the first water-table divide that is inland from the lake. Stream/aquifer relations along the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal also were examined. Water-table fluctuations near the stream banks are complex and need to be monitored further.

Preliminary analysis of the shallow ground-water system in the vicinity of the Grand Calumet River/Indiana Harbor Canal, northwestern Indiana