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2 Four speculative petroleum plays, totalling more than 6,000 mi , have been identified in the U.S. Geological Survey assessment province which includes the Basin and Range physiographic province of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico. Although significant oil and gas shows have been found, this region presently is a frontier exploration area and has no known oil or gas accumulations. This summary addresses only the qualitative component of the Survey's national oil and gas assessment. The first play is in eastern Hidalgo County of southwestern New Mexico and the second play is in southwestern Cochise County of southeastern Arizona. Regionally, these two plays are in the northwest-trending exploration fairway of the Texas lineament zone; locally, they are in Upper Paleozoic strata of the Pedregosa basin. Two additional plays are located in fault-block basins of mid-Tertiary and younger age in Arizona. The third play includes alluvial-fluviallacustrine facies of several deep grabens, including all or part of the San Simon (Safford) Valley, Sulphur Springs Valley, San Pedro Valley, Teran Basin, and Santa Cruz Valley of Graham, Cochise, Pima, and Santa Cruz Counties. The fourth play is in southwestern-most Yuma County. It is based on occurrences of marine shales and sandstones interbedded with nonmarine elastics all of Miocene-Pliocene age in the Altar (San Luis) Basin a part of the northern Proto-Gulf of California which is hydrocarbon-productive nearby in Mexico. The assessment province lies near the southwestern edge of the ancient craton and is entirely underlain by Precambrian crust. The province is characterized by a Precambrian and Phanerozoic history of exceptionally diverse tectonic regimes having varying directions of stress. The province has been progressively subjected to: continental-scale mega-shearing (wrench-faulting); Ouachita-related plate convergence; arc magmatism; rifting incipient to ocean opening; Cordilleran-related subduction with regional underthrusting and local overthrusting; and, high-angle block plus normal listric detachment faulting. These tectonic episodes have led to common inter-systemic unconformities and other types of petroleum traps. Because the tectonic and magmatic complexity of this province has resulted in a world-class mineral-producing region, the exploration for high-risk oil and gas has been secondary and understandably conservative. However, the impetus of higher demand for petroleum against a shrinking U.S. resource, plus imaginative exploration, should eventually lead to the discovery of economic petroleum in this assessment province.

u.s. geological survey open file report/open-file report

The geologic setting of southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico, with a rationale for assessment of undiscovered economically recoverable oil and gas; a summary of four potential plays