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Historical estimates of dissolved solids and major dissolved constituents for 70 streamflow-gaging stations in the Upper Colorado River Basin were determined. Annual and monthly estimates were computed from the beginning of the water-quality record through water year 1983. Dissolved solids is reported as load, in tons, and as concentration, in milligrams per liter. The major dissolved constituents calcium, magnesium, sodium plus potassium, bicarbonate (as the equivalent quantity of carbonate), chloride, and sulfate-are reported as the mass fraction of dissolved solids. Tables that list long-term mean values also are provided. The estimates are based on data retrieved from the U.S. Geological Survey data base. Daily estimates were computed by linear regression and annual and monthly estimates were summed. Dissolved-solids concentrations and mass fractions of the constituents were weighted for discharge. INTRODUCTION The Colorado River and its tributaries comprise one of the primary sources of water in the arid American West. The availability and quality of water have been major factors in settlement and development in the Colorado River basin and in neighboring arid regions. Much legislation and many legal agreements have been established to govern the distribution of water and to maintain water quality in the basin. The Upper Colorado River Basin annually discharges large quantities of dissolved solids from natural sources and sources related to human activities. This dissolved-solids load is a major concern to agricultural, municipal, and industrial users in the Lower Colorado River Basin. To address the concern about dissolved solids, Congress passed the Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Act of 1974 (amended in 1985), which authorized planning and construction of salinity-control projects in the Colorado River basin. As part of a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey has undertaken studies to provide information that will help in evaluating and planning salinity-control needs. As a part of these studies, analysis of water-quality data, specifically dissolved solids and major dissolved constituents, from streamflow-gaging stations (hereinafter referred to as stations) in the Upper Colorado River Basin was necessary to characterize historical dissolved-solids trends. A report by Liebermann and others (1989) presents an evaluation of streamflow and dissolved solids in the Upper Colorado River Basin. To characterize these trends, compilation of selected water-quality data was necessary, and individual analyses needed to be converted into annual and monthly estimates. Purpose and Scope This report presents estimates of the annual and monthly dissolved-solids loads and concentrations and the mass fractions of six major dissolved constituents from the beginning of the water-quality record through water year 1983. Estimates are listed for 70 stations in the Upper Colorado River Basin that have adequate records of water-quality analyses. To provide an indication of the long-term character of dissolved solids, mean annual and mean monthly estimates for each station also 'are listed. Description of Study Area The Upper Colorado River Basin (fig. 1) is the area that drains into the Colorado River upstream from the Compact Point (also called Lee Ferry), a point on the river about 1.4 miles downstream from the station at Lees Ferry, Arizona (station 09380000; table 1). The Upper Colorado River Basin comrpises 113,200 square miles in northeastern Arizona, western Colorado, northwestern New Mexico, eastern Utah, and southwestern Wyoming. A more detailed description of the stream system, physiography, geology, and climate of the study area is in Liebermann and others (1989). DATA BASE Types of Data A data base was compiled for estimating concentrations and loads of dissolved solids and proportions of the major dissolved constituents. The term "dissolved solids" refers to the sum of the individual dissolved constituents present in water. Dissolved-solids concentration is measured as the quantity of dissolved solids present in a unit volume of water. Dissolved-solids load is computed as the product of dissolved-solids concentration and water discharge and represents the quantity of material transported downstream in solution. In this report, the unit of dissolved-solids concentration is milligrams per liter (mg/L) and the unit of dissolved-solids load is tons. In the streams of the Upper Colorado River Basin, the major dissolved constituents are the cations calcium, magnesium, sodium plus potassium; the anions bicarbonate, chloride, and sulfate; and electrically neutral silica. Dissolved carbonate, nitrate, and organic-carbon compounds ordinarily do not occur in substantial concentrations. The mass fraction of a dissolved constituent is the proportion of that constituent to the dissolved-solids total. Sources of Data The principal source of the data used to derive estimates was the National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE) of the U.S. Geological Survey (Hutchison, 1975). Periodic analyses of water-quality data that included dissolved-solids data and daily values of streamflow and specific conductance were retrieved from WATSTORE. Additional water-quality analyses for water years 1945, 1946, and 1947 at station 09380000, Colorado River at Lees Ferry, Ariz., were derived from published data reports and were added to the data base (U.S. Geological Survey, 1949, 1950, and 1952). UPPER COLORADO RIVER BASIN 110' 22 EXPLANATION U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY STREAMFLOW-GAGING STATION-Number refers to site number in table 1 Figure 1.--Upper Colorado River Basin showing location of streamflowgaging stations used in this study. Selection of Stations Seventy stations were selected for analysis. Minimum standards for computation required that a station have a sustained period of water-quality analyses that included dissolved-solids data and have a concurrent record of daily values of streamflow. Other selection criteria included the length and completeness of record, the availability of daily values of specific conductance, and a geographic location on a major stream or in an area of special interest. The selected stations are shown in figure 1 and listed in table 1. The period of record at several stations, for some types of data, was increased for this study by combining the records of nearby stations that were considered equivalent. For example, for site 5 (station 09071100), records of daily values of streamflow from station 09072500 (water years 1942-66) and daily values of streamflow from station 09085100 minus daily values of streamflow from station 09085000 (1967-83) were used in the analyses. These stations and the records that were combined are listed in table 2, and their geographic locations are shown in figure 2. At several stations, the flow regime changed during the period of record because of the construction of reservoirs upstream. For this reason, the annual and monthly mean values at these stations were separated into prereservoir and post-reservoir periods. These stations are listed in table 3. 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Table 1. Stream flow-gaging stations where annual and monthly dissolved-solids loads and concentrations were estimated [°-rain-s, degrees-minutes-seconds; NA, not applicable] Site number (fig1) U.S. Geological Survey Station name station number DrainLatitude Longitude (o 1/0) vation area mm } v mm s; (feet) (square miles) 1 09013000 Alva B. Adams Tunnel at East Portal, near Estes Park, 40-14-20 105-48-15 8,250 _ , 1 09034500 09069000 09070500 09071100 09085000 09093500 09093700 09095000 09095500 09105000 09149500 09152500 09152900 09153300 09163340 09163490 09163500 09177000 09180000 09180500 09188500 09205000 09209400 09211200 Colo. 1 Colorado River at Hot Sulphur Springs, ColoEagle River at Gypsum, Colo Colorado River near Dotsero, Colo Colorado River near Glenwood Springs, Colo-Roaring Fork River at Glenwood Springs, ColoParachute Creek at Parachute, Colo -Colorado River near De Beque, ColoRoan Creek near De Beque, Colo Colorado River near Cameo, ColoPlateau Creek near Cameo, Colo--Uncompahgre River at Delta, Colo----Gunnison River near Grand Junction, ColoAdobe Creek near Fruita, Colo Reed Wash near Lotna, Colo Mack Wash near Mack, Colo -Salt Creek near Mack, ColoColorado River near Colorado-Utah State line, ColoSan Miguel River at Uravan, ColoDolores River near Cisco, Utah -Colorado River near Cisco, UtahGreen River at Warren Bridge, near Daniel, WyoNew Fork River near Big Piney, Wyo Green River near La Barge, Wyo Green River below Fontenelle Reservoir, Wyo 40-05-00 39-39-00 39-38-40 39-34-12 39-32-37 39-27-11 39-21-45 39-27-12 39-14-20 39-11-00 38-44-31 38-59-00 39-08-13 39-11-01 39-15-57 39-13-18 39-07-45 38-21-26 38-47-50 38-48-38 43-01-08 42-34-02 42-11-34 42-01-16 106-05-15 106-57-06 107-04-40 107-13-34 107-19-44 108-03-33 108-09-07 108-18-59 108-16-00 108-16-10 108-04-49 108-27-00 108-41-48 108-47-12 108-50-32 108-53-32 109-01-36 108-42-44 109-11-40 109-17-34 110-07-03 109-55-46 110-09-45 110-02-57 7,670 6,276 6,130 5,900 5,721 5,100 4,940 5,380 4,814 4,836 4,926 4,628 4,520 4,470 4,615 4,440 4,325 5,000 4,165 4,090 7,468 6,800 6,520 6,378 NA 825 944 4,394 4,560 1,451 198 7,370 321 8,050 592 1,129 7,928 15 29 16 436 17,843 1,499 4,580 24,100 468 1,230 3,910 4,280 Table 1. Streamflow-gaging stations where annual and monthly dissolved-sol ids loads and concentrations were estimated Continued Site number (fig. 1) 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 U.S. Geological Survey station number 09214500 09216000 09216050 09216562 09217000 09222000 09224700 09229500 09234500 09235300 09244410 09250600 09251000 09259700 09260000 09261000 09279500 093020

u.s. geological survey open file report/open-file report

Estimates of dissolved solids and major dissolved constituents for 70 streamflow-gaging stations in the Upper Colorado River basin, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming