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Area 57 includes about 9,000 square miles in south-central Utah and north-central Arizona. About 75 percent of the area is in the Colorado River Basin, and the remaining 25 percent is in the Great Basin. All of the area's coal is in Utah, mostly in the Kolob, Alton, and Kaiparowits Plateau coal fields. The area is characterized by a series of benches, terraces, and plateaus that have been dissected by deep, narrow canyons. Altitudes in the area vary from less than 3,000 to more than 11,000 feet, and local relief is more than 1,000 feet. Rocks ranging in age from Permian to Quaternary are exposed in the canyon walls and elsewhere throughout the area. The principal coal-bearing formations are the Dakota and Straight Cliffs Sandstones and Tropic Shale, all of Cretaceous age. Normal annual precipitation in the area ranges from about 6 to 40 inches. Estimated mean annual runoff varies from less than 1 to about 15 inches. Dissolved-solids concentrations of streamflow generally are less than 500 milligrams per liter in the higher altitudes but locally increase to more than 2,000 milligrams per liter in the lower altitudes. Estimated annual sediment yields vary from less than 0.1 to more than 3.0 acre-feet per square mile, and suspended-sediment loads locally exceed 100,000 milligrams per liter during flood runoff. Potential yields of individual wells generally are less than 50 gallons per minute in most of the area, but locally they exceed 1,000 gallons per minute. The largest well yields are from unconsolidated deposits of Quaternary age in Cedar and Parowan Valleys and from the Navajo Sandstone of Jurassic and Triassic age. Dissolved-solids concentrations of ground water vary from less than 500 to nearly 10,000 milligrams per liter. Some coal in Area 57 can be surface mined, but most is recoverable only by underground mining. Very little of the coal has been mined as of 1983. This report describes some of the hydrologic impacts that could result from mining of the coal. Of particular concern are impacts on existing water rights and on water quality (including fluvial sediment and salinity in the Colorado River). 1.0 INTRODUCTION 7.7 Objective Hydrology of Area 57 Described Hydrologic conditions are described, and sources of additional hydrologic information are identified. Hydrologic information is needed by Federal agencies in order to lease and manage Federallyowned coal. The information is needed by minepermit applicants in order to describe the hydrology of the "general area" of proposed mines. Also, the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 requires that an appropriate regulatory authority issue mining permits based on review of mine-permit applications, which in part assess hydrologic impacts of the proposed mining. This report partly fulfills the need for hydrologic information for Area 57 in Utah and Arizona (figures 1.1-1 and 1.1-2). Area 57 is one of 20 hydrologic areas in the Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain Coal Provinces. The report is one of a series that describes the hydrology of coal provinces nationwide. The hydrology is described by means of a brief text and accompanying maps, graphs, photographs, and tables for each of a series of water-resources related topics. Sources of additional hydrologic information also are identified in the report. In order to define the hydrologic conditions in the vicinity of a proposed mine and to assess the hydrologic impacts of the proposed mining, information in this report will be supplemented by sitespecific data provided by mine-permit applicants. The site-specific data also will be needed by the regulatory authority in order to evaluate the adequacy of the mine-permit applications. .1I41_ i'3° IDAHO 112 r Sase from t/.S. Geological Survey United States base map, 1980 1:2,500,000 A. Navajo Lake in the Kolob coal field. B. Bryce Canyon National Park overlooking the Alton coal field. C. Arm of Lake Powell adjacent to the Kaiparowits Plateau coal field. D. Calf Creek near the boundary of Area 56, which is described by Lines and others 1983. Figure 1.1-1 Location of Area 57 in Utah and Arizona. Figure 1.1-2 Selected scenes in Area 57 (location of photographs are shown on figure 1.1-1). (Photograph D by G. W. Sandberg, U. S. Geological Survey.) 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective 1.0 INTRODUCTION-Continued 1.2 Land and Mineral Ownership About 82 Percent of Area is Federally Owned The area includes two National Parks and other recreational land, as well as large coal reserves. Area 57 includes about 9,000 square miles, and about 82 percent of that land is owned by the Federal Government. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management administers the largest part of the area (figures 1.2-1 and 1.2-2) and is responsible for most of the coal-leasing activities. The U.S. Forest Service administered land (Dixie National Forest) includes headwaters of the Virgin, Sevier, and Escalante Rivers. Areas administered by the National Park Service include Bryce Canyon and Zion National Parks; Cedar Breaks National Monument; and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. These areas are noted for their scenic beauty and natural rock sculpture (figure 1.2-3) and are popular tourist attractions in Utah. Most of the Federaland State-owned land is used for grazing and recreation. Much of the privately-owned land is used for agriculture, however, some of the privately-owned land also contains coal and other mineral resources. In most instances, mineral ownership is the same as land ownership-that is, the owner of the land surface also owns the minerals on or beneath the surface. There are, however, some exceptions. For example, the Federal Government owns some of the minerals beneath privately-owned lands, and the States may own some of the minerals beneath Federally-owned lands.

Hydrology of area 57, Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, Utah and Arizona