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A two-degree map area that covers the southern part of the Fergana Valley and the northern part of the Alay Mountains of Soviet Central Asia is analyzed for possible occurrence of uranium deposits. A miogeosyncline occupied the region during the Paleozoic. These marine deposits were folded and intruded by granites during the Permian. The area of the Alay Mountains has been emergent since the beginning of the Mesozoic. In the area of the Fergana Valley, platform conditions prevailed from Jurassic through middle Oligocene time, during which both continental and marine deposits collected. Orogenic activity beginning in late Oligocene time led to relative subsidence of the Fergana graben and deposition of several thousand meters of continental deposits within the graben. Conditions were very favorable in the Fergana Valley and northern foothills of the Alay Mountains for uranium mineralization. Possible source rocks were Silurian carbonaceous shales and Permian granites. Uranium deposits may possibly occur in association with Jurassic coal-bearing sediments, plantbearing sandstone formations of Mesozoic and Cenozoic ages, host rocks of oil fields in the Jurassic-Oligocene section, and bitumen deposits. The classic Tyuya-Muyun uranium district is within the study area. The mineral tyuyamunite occurs in barite veins and as cave deposits. INTRODUCTION Location of the area The study area is a two-degree map sheet (71°-73° E, 39° 40 f -40° 40' N) in Soviet Central Asia (fig. 1); it includes the southern part of the Fergana Valley and the northern part of the Alay Mountains, which border the Valley on the south (fig. 2). This area was chosen for study because various kinds of uranium deposits may be present here. Uranium was once mined in the area at the famous Tyuya-Muyun deposit and is possibly being recovered today at one or more localities. Geography The Fergana Valley is at the western end of the Tien Shan mountain system. The Valley floor slopes from an elevation of 1,000 m (3,300 ft) on the east to 320 m (1,050 ft) on the west. The Valley is about 300 km (200 mi) long and 175 km (110 mi) wide; its area is 22,000 sq km (8,500 sq mi). The Valley is largely in the Uzbek Republic and partly in the Kirghiz and Tadzhik Republics. The political boundaries here are very complicated, having been drawn on the basis of the predominant population groups. The mountains on the northwest of the Valley are the Karamazars, and those to the south are the Turkestan and Alay Ranges (figs. 2 and 19). These mountains are elongate parallel to the trend of the Paleozoic rocks that compose them. The Valley is bounded on the northeast by the Fergana Range, which is transverse to the trend of the Paleozoics. Elevations in the Alay Mountains reach 5,000 m (16,500 ft). The Valley is open on the west where it is drained by the Syr Darya River, which flows thence northwestward to the Aral Sea. The climate of the region is continental arid. Winters are mild, and summers are hot. Fergana Valley has been a major economic center since ancient times. Abundant water from perennially snow-capped mountains has supported extensive agriculture, including cotton, rice, fruit, and grapes. Copper and iron were mined a thousand years ago, and resources recovered in modern times include gypsum, coal, oil, ozocerite, copper, mercury, antimony, radium, and uranium. The Valley is densely populated, equalling that of Belgium with its 322 people per square kilometer. Purpose of the Study Interdependence is a pervasive characteristic of the modern industrialized world. National economies are interdependent to the extent that they are in large part components of the interacting world economy. Energy resources are mutually interdependent. For example, changes in oil supply and price affect the cost and consequently the supply of coal or uranium. And once an energy resource becomes part of the world economy, it affects all national economies that are components of the world system. Uranium as an energy resource is a very important component of this world economic system, and its resource potential must be understood clearly. The U.S.S.R. plans to generate 60 percent of its electricity from nuclear power by the year 2000 (Mathieson, 1980, p. 1). This will change significantly their internal requirements for fossil fuels and consequently the availability

Geology and possible uranium deposits of the Fergana region of Soviet Central Asia