English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

This report is one of a series that describes the hydrology of coal provinces nationwide. The Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain Coal Provinces are divided into 20 separate reporting areas which are numbered 43 to 62. This report provides general hydrologic information for Area 46 using a brief text with accompanying maps, charts, or graphs. This information may be used to describe the hydrology of the general area of any existing or proposed mine. Some of the more obvious hydrologic problems of coal development that will need to be addressed before development are disruption of aquifers and potential contamination of streams, aquifers, and the atmosphere. Area 46 is in northwestern North Dakota and is composed of parts or all of 14 hydrologic units based on surface-water drainage basins. The area is drained by the Missouri and Souris Rivers. Lignite-bearing rocks of late Paleocene age underlie nearly all of Area 46. The thickest and most continuous lignite beds occur in the Sentinel Butte and Tongue River Members of the Fort Union Formation. Alluvial deposits and a veneer of glacial drift of late Pleistocene age overlie the lignite-bearing rocks. Mean annual temperatures range from 37.7°F at Bowbells to 40.9°F at Williston. Mean monthly temperatures at Williston range from 8.3°F to 70°F. The growing season is about 125 days. A fairly comprehensive data base for streamflow and water quality in streams is available for Area 46. Many of the small-stream monitoring sites have been operated during the last few years to provide a data base before coal development. With the exception of the Missouri River, which is controlled by several dams, both the quantity and quality of water varies greatly in all streams. A ground-water observation network for water levels and water quality has been established through county ground-water resource investigations and other ground-water studies and provides an adequate data base. Three activities within the U.S. Geological Survey identify and provide access to hydrologic data. These are the National Water-Data Exchange (NAWDEX), the National Water-Data Storage and Retrieval System (WATSTORE), and the Office of Water-Data Coordination (OWDC). The climate of the area is semiarid. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 13.9 to 17.8 inches. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective Report Summarizes Available Hydrologic Information Existing hydrologic conditions and sources of information are identified to aid in leasing decisions and in preparation of environmentalimpact studies and mine-permit applications. Hydrologic information (fig. 1.1-1) and analyses are necessary to aid in decisions to lease federally owned coal and for the preparation of the required environmental assessments and impactstudy reports. The need for information and analysis has become even more critical with the enactment of Public Law 95-87, the "Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977." This act requires an appropriate regulatory agency to issue mining permits based on the review of permit-application data supplied to assess hydrologic impacts. The need for data is partly fulfilled by this report, which generally characterizes the hydrology of a part of the Northern Great Plains Coal Province (Area 46). This report is one of a series that describes coal provinces nationwide. General hydrologic information for Area 46 is provided by means of a brief text with accompanying maps, charts, graphs, or other illustrations for each of a series of water-resources-related topics. The topical discussions of the report provide a description of the geology and the hydrology of the area. The information contained herein will be useful to Federal agencies in the leasing and management of Federal coal lands; surface-mine owners, operators, and others preparing permit applications; and regulatory authorities evaluating the adequacy of the applications. The hydrologic information presented herein or available through sources identified in this report will be useful in describing the hydrology of the "general area" of any proposed mine. This hydrologic information may be supplemented by specific-site data as well as data from other sources to provide a detailed appraisal of the hydrology of the area in the vicinity of the mine and the anticipated hydrologic consequences of the mining operation. A. Will development change stream discharge? B. What will the aquifers yield? Figure 1.1-1 Hydrologic information is needed for decision making. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective 1.0 INTRODUCTION-Continued 1.2 Study Area The Area Includes 10,900 Square Miles in the Northern Great Plains Coal Province Area 46 is in the Williston structural basin in northwestern North Dakota. Area 46 is a subarea of the Northern Great The area is drained on the south by the Plains Coal Province (fig. 1.2-1). It is in the Missouri River and its tributaries. Lake Williston structural basin, the center of which is Sakakawea was formed by damming the Missouri south of the area. The area includes about 10,900 River in the early 1950's. The area on the east is square miles in all or part of Burke, Divide, Dunn, drained by the Souris River and its tributaries. The McHenry, McKenzie, McLean, Mountrail, RenSouris River flows into Hudson Bay by way of Lake ville, Ward, and Williams Counties in northWinnipeg, western North Dakota (fig. 1.2-1). NORTHERN GREAT PLAINS AND ROCKY MOUNTAIN COAL PROVINCES Numbers represent project areas SOUTH DAKOTA NORTH DAKOTA 104° 102 100° __ __.98.°-__ , -r -Y T \ \ CAVALIER!! cavdi.ei t I \ Langdon ^ PEMB1NA * 46°i ^ER i Cooper!lo«n,| STEELE | Hiiisboro I -\ __.;i I J

Hydrology of area 46, Northern Great Plains and Rocky Mountain coal provinces, North Dakota