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In a previous study, estimated phosphorus (P) loadings from septic systems to lakes in the Puget Sound region were found to be correlated with old homes around the lakes. In the present study, an assessment was made of the movement of septic-effluent P in seasonally perched ground water near Pine Lake, a typical glacial-till lake in the region. Ground water occurs in soils overlying less permeable glacial till around Pine Lake and many other lakes in the area. Water samples were taken from 15 shallow.(< 1.5 meters) wells installed 10-50 meters downgradient from seven septic systems 20 to 40 years old. The equivalent volumetric fraction of each sample consisting of undiluted effluent was estimated from chloride concentration. A Monte Carlo analysis was used to account for the various sources of uncertainty. Although movement of diluted septic effluent to the lake was found to be common, transport of more than 1 percent of effluent P through the soil was probable (p _> 0.5) for only 4 of 26 samples. For only 1 of those 4 samples transport of more than 10 percent of effluent P was probable. The highest probabilities of P movement were associated with two samples from a well that was downgradient from a drainfield located at the base of a hi 11 si ope depression where perched ground water concentrates and remains for extended periods. All evidence considered, most P loading to Pine Lake from septic systems appears to come from only a few older systems located in areas where perched ground-water flow and associated saturated soil conditions predominate for extended periods during the winter season.

Lake phosphorus loading from septic systems by seasonally perched ground water, Puget Sound region, Washington