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The western region of the Interior Coal province is divided into 7 hydrologic reporting areas. The division is based on hydrologic factors, location and size. Each area may comprise one or more hydrologic units (drainage basins). Area 42 is at the southern end of the western region, Interior Coal province. The area is in the Interior Highlands of west-central Arkansas and covers 5,100 square miles. The area is drained by the Arkansas River and its tributaries. Coal has been mined in west-central Arkansas since 1870 reaching an annual peak production of over 2.6 million short tons in 1907. After almost three decades of general decline, coal mining began increasing in the 1970's. Approximately 665 million short tons of recoverable coal reserves remain. In 1977 and 1979 the State of Arkansas passed legislation to require reclamation of land being strip mined. Area 42 is underlain mostly by Pennsylvanian rocks with a small outcrop of Mississippian age rocks in the north-central part of the area and with alluvium of the Quaternary System along the Arkansas River. Except for the alluvium, the rocks are folded and faulted. Access to minable coal is a function of the folding and faulting. The principal use of suface water (28,212 million gallons per day) is for cooling water for thermoelectric power generation. The second largest use of surface water (34 million gallons per day) is for public supplies. The principal uses of ground water (24 million gallons per day) are for irrigation and rural supplies. Potential hydrologic problems relating to surface mining are (1) changes in streamflow characteristics, (2) erosion and sedimentation, (3) decline in groundwater levels, and (4) degradation of water quality. Sediment yields tend to increase when vegetation is removed from erosive soils and from surface-mining operations. Decline in ground water levels can occur in and near surface-mining areas when excavation extends below the static water level in the aquifer. This can cause nearby wells and springs to go dry. Acid mine drainage appears to be only a local problem in mined areas, although some trace metal concentrations in tributary streams may have originated in mined areas. Iron and manganese concentrations in water of streams in mined areas are usually within recommended or established limits. Sulfate is usually the major dissolved constituent in water from mined areas and tends to stay dissolved. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective Area 42 Report Submitted in Response to Public Law 95-87 Existing hydrologic conditions and identification of sources ofhydrologic information are described. A need for hydrologic information and analysis on a scale never before required nationally was recognized when the "Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977" was signed into law as Public Law 95-87, August 3, 1977. This report broadly characterizes the hydrology of Area 42 (fig. 1.1-1) in Arkansas, a part of the interior coal province and is one of a series that covers the coal provinces nationwide. The report contains a brief text with an accompanying map, chart, graph, or other illustration for each of a number of waterresources related topics. The summation of the topical discussions provides a description of the hydrology of the area. ble through sources identified in this report, may be used in describing the hydrology of the "general area" of any proposed mine. Furthermore, it is expected that this hydrologic information will be supplemented by the lease applicant's detailed picture of the hydrology in the vicinity of the mine and the anticipated hydrologic consequences of the mining operation. The information contained herein should be useful to surface-mine owners, operators, and consulting engineers in the preparation of permit applications and to regulatory authorities in appraising the adequacy of those applications. The hydrologic information presented or availa-

Hydrology of area 42, western region, Interior Coal Province, Arkansas