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The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, is deepening the St. Johns River channel in Jacksonville, Florida, from 40 to 47 feet along 13 miles of the river channel beginning at the mouth of the river at the Atlantic Ocean, in order to accommodate larger, fully loaded cargo vessels. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, monitored stage, discharge, and (or) water temperature and salinity at 26 continuous data collection stations in the St. Johns River and its tributaries. This is the fourth annual report by the U.S. Geological Survey on data collection for the Jacksonville Harbor deepening project. The report contains information pertinent to data collection during the 2019 water year, from October 2018 to September 2019. No changes to the previously installed data collection network were made during this period. Discharge and salinity varied widely during the data collection period, which included above-average rainfall for all counties in the study area over the 3-month period from November to January, below-average annual rainfall for all counties, and effects from Hurricane Dorian in September 2019. Total annual rainfall for all counties ranked third among the annual totals computed for the 4 years considered for this study. Annual mean discharge at Durbin Creek was highest among the tributaries, followed by Trout River, Ortega River, Julington Creek, Pottsburg Creek, Broward River, Cedar River, Clapboard Creek, and Dunn Creek. The annual mean discharge for each of the main-stem sites was lower for the 2019 water year than for the 2018 water year. Since the beginning of the study in 2016, the St. Johns River at Astor station computed its lowest annual mean discharge, the Jacksonville station recorded its second lowest, and the Buffalo Bluff station recorded its second highest in 2019. Among the tributary sites, annual mean salinity was highest at Clapboard Creek, the site closest to the Atlantic Ocean, and was lowest at Durbin Creek, the site farthest from the ocean. Annual mean salinity data from the main-stem sites on the St. Johns River indicate that salinity decreased with distance upstream from the ocean, which was expected. Relative to annual mean salinity calculated for the 2018 water year, annual mean salinity at all monitoring locations was higher for the 2019 water year except at the main-stem site below Shands Bridge and at the tributary sites of Durbin Creek and Julington Creek, which remained the same. The 2019 annual mean salinity at Dunn Creek was the highest on record for that site, and Clapboard Creek and Trout River were the second highest on record for those sites. Introduction The St. Johns River flows 310 miles (mi) northward through the eastern half of Florida, through Jacksonville, and into the Atlantic Ocean (fig. 1). The river consists of lakes, marshes, and seagrass beds, as well as the main river channel (herein referred to as the “main stem”) that, near its mouth, can accommodate cruise ships and cargo vessels with access to the Atlantic Ocean. Jacksonville Harbor is located along the first 20 river miles, beginning at the mouth of the St. Johns River where it empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Jacksonville Harbor currently can only accommodate small cargo vessels or large cargo vessels loaded below maximum capacity because of the authorized channel depth of 40 feet (ft). Dredging an additional 7 ft will allow the port to accommodate larger, fully loaded vessels. Beginning at the mouth, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) plans to deepen the first 13 river miles (USACE, 2014). Dredging construction began February 2018 (Jacksonville Port Authority [JAXPORT], 2018). Salinity models indicate that the harbor deepening may alter salinity in part of the study area, potentially causing (1) salinity stress in some wetlands and submerged aquatic vegetation and (2) changes in some fish and macroinvertebrate distributions (USACE, 2014). Surface-water monitoring, required by permit, includes the collection of water temperature, salinity, and (or) stage, velocity, and streamflow data for at least 6 months prior to dredging, continuously throughout dredging, and for 10 years following dredging (Florida Department of Environmental Protection, 2016). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the USACE, is 2 Continuous Stream Discharge, Salinity, and Associated Data Collected in the Lower St. Johns River and Its Tributaries

Continuous stream discharge, salinity, and associated data collected in the Lower St. Johns River and its tributaries, Florida, 2018