English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

A software program, called P2S, has been developed which couples the daily stream temperature simulation capabilities of the U.S. Geological Survey Stream Network Temperature model with the watershed hydrology simulation capabilities of the U.S. Geological Survey Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System. The Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System is a modular, deterministic, distributedparameter, physical-process watershed model that simulates hydrologic response to various combinations of climate and land use. Stream Network Temperature was developed to help aquatic biologists and engineers predict the effects of changes that hydrology and energy have on water temperatures. P2S will allow scientists and watershed managers to evaluate the effects of historical climate and projected climate change, landscape evolution, and resource management scenarios on watershed hydrology and in-stream water temperature. Introduction The importance of effective stream temperature modeling, related to determination of suitability and management of ecological habitat, has been demonstrated in several studies (for example, Brown, 1969; Flint and Flint, 2008; and Gaffield and others, 2005; Perry and others, 2011; Sinokrot and Stefan, 1993). Likewise, watershed hydrology models have been used to project the hydrologic response of watersheds to a variety of changing climatic and land-use scenarios (for example, Hay and others, 2011; Markstrom and others, 2012). P2S combines these two approaches by coupling the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and Stream Network Temperature (SNTemp) simulations models. These two models are described below. Markstrom and others (2008, p. 4) describe PRMS as a modular, deterministic, distributedparameter, physical-process watershed model used to simulate and evaluate the effects of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on watershed response. Response to normal and extreme rainfall and snowmelt can be simulated to evaluate changes in water-balance relations, streamflow regimes, soil-water relations, and groundwater recharge. Each hydrologic component used to model the generation of streamflow is represented within PRMS by a process algorithm that is based on a physical law or empirical relation with measured or estimated characteristics (fig. 1). Because PRMS is usually operated in a daily time step, the streamflow time of travel within a watershed should be less than 24 hours. However, for larger watersheds that have longer travel times a stream routing component can be used. The reader is referred to Leavesley and others (1983), Leavesley and Stannard (1995), Leavesley and others (2005), and Markstrom and others (2008) for a complete description of

P2S--Coupled simulation with the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) and the Stream Temperature Network (SNTemp) Models