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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) quantitatively assessed the potential for undiscovered, technically recoverable continuous oil and gas resources in the onshore part of the Sirte Basin Province of Libya (fig. 1). The Sirte Basin Province encompasses a series of northwest– southeast trending horsts and grabens (or troughs) that resulted from multiple phases of rifting and subsidence beginning in the Triassic and continuing into the Neogene (Montgomery, 1994; Abadi and others, 2008; Badalini and others, 2009). Rifting and subsidence in the Sirte Basin Province were the result of the diachronous opening of the Atlantic and Tethys Oceans, differential movement of the African and Apulian plates, and transtensional and transpressional motion along the regional strike-slip faults in northernmost Africa (Fiduk, 2009; Hassan and Kendall, 2014). Major petroleum source rocks include the Lower Cretaceous Nubian shale and the Upper Cretaceous Sirte, Rachmat, and Etel Shales (Hassan and Kendall, 2014; Abualkhir, 2016). Subsidence in the Paleogene generally resulted in burial sufficient to thermally mature all source rocks into the oil-generation window (Gumati and Schamel, 1988; Futyan and Jawzi, 1996). All petroleum source rocks were interpreted to be of sufficient thickness and quality for each to be a potential target for horizontal drilling and were assessed separately. Lack of data prevented the delineation of shale-gas assessment units, although gas is present in a limited area of the basin (Hassan and Kendall, 2014).

Assessment of shale-oil resources of the Sirte Basin Province, Libya, 2019