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The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) completed an assessment of undiscovered, technically recoverable continuous oil and gas resources within the South Sumatra Basin Province (fig. 1), one of a series of backarc basins associated with subduction along the western margin of Sumatra, Indonesia. The Sumatra backarc realm underwent extension and rifting in the Eocene to early Oligocene that formed a series of horsts and grabens (Pulunggono, 1986; Ginger and Fielding, 2005). The grabens were filled with typical synrift nonmarine facies, including fluvial, deltaic, marginal lacustrine sandstones, and shallow to deep water lacustrine shales. The thickest petroleum source rocks are found within the graben system. One of the petroleum source rocks in the South Sumatra Basin Province is within the synrift Eocene-Oligocene Lemat Formation, which includes organic-rich lacustrine shale of the Benakat member (Rashid and others, 1998; Bianchi and others, 2007). Following cessation of rifting, regional thermal relaxation led to a sag phase with increased accommodation space and deposition. Petroleum source rocks reached thermal maturity for oil and gas generation beginning in the Miocene (Sarjono and Sardjito, 1989; Reksalegora and Riadinjo, 2013). Compression from middle Miocene to Pliocene related to subduction dynamics resulted in numerous structures within the basin, many of which formed traps for conventional oil and gas accumulations. For this assessment, a continuous source-reservoir rock system contains (1) greater than 2 weight percent total organic carbon, (2) the proper thermal maturity window for oil or gas generation, (3) greater than 15 meters of organic-rich shale, and (4) Type I or Type II organic matter. The assessment unit (AU) areas outlined in figure 1 represent continuous oiland gas-prone areas that are interpreted to satisfy these geologic criteria. The range of uncertainty on assessment unit areas (table 1) reflects uncertainty on the extent and thickness of source-rock facies within the grabens and the extent and level of thermal maturation of the source rock.

Assessment of continuous oil and gas resources of the South Sumatra Basin Province, Indonesia, 2016